Breathing and Exchange of Gases-3 Flashcards
can humans regulate breathing
Human beings have a significant ability to maintain and moderate the
respiratory rhythm to suit the demands of the body tissues. This is done
by the neural system.
what is the regulatory centre in medulla
A specialised centre present in the medulla region
of the brain called respiratory rhythm centre is primarily responsible for the regulation of breathing rate.
what is the function of pons
Another centre present in the pons region of the brain
called pneumotaxic centre can moderate the functions of the respiratory
rhythm centre. Neural signal from this centre can reduce the duration of
inspiration and thereby alter the respiratory rate.
what are the chemoreceptor in brain
A chemosensitive area
is situated adjacent to the rhythm centre which is highly sensitive to CO2
and hydrogen ions. Increase in these substances can activate this centre,
which in turn can signal the rhythm centre to make necessary adjustments
in the respiratory process by which these substances can be eliminated.
what receptors are present in aortic arch and carotid artery
Receptors associated with aortic arch and carotid artery also can recognise
changes in CO2
and H+
concentration and send necessary signals to the
rhythm centre for remedial actions. The role of oxygen in the regulation of
respiratory rhythm is quite insignificant.
what is asthma
Asthma is a difficulty in breathing causing wheezing due to inflammation
of bronchi and bronchioles.
what is emphysema
Emphysema is a chronic disorder in which alveolar walls are damaged
due to which respiratory surface is decreased. One of the major causes of
this is cigarette smoking.
what is occupational respiratory disorder
In certain industries, especially
those involving grinding or stone-breaking, so much dust is produced
that the defense mechanism of the body cannot fully cope with the
situation. Long exposure can give rise to inflammation leading to fibrosis
(proliferation of fibrous tissues) and thus causing serious lung damage.
Workers in such industries should wear protective masks.
what is tidal volume*TV)
Volume of air inspired or
expired during a normal respiration. It is
approx. 500 mL., i.e., a healthy man can
inspire or expire approximately 6000 to 8000
mL of air per minute
what is Inspiratory Reserve Volume ( IRV)
Additional volume of air, a person can inspire
by a forcible inspiration. This averages 2500
mL to 3000 mL.
what is expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
Additional volume of air, a person can expire
by a forcible expiration. This averages 1000
mL to 1100 mL.
what is residual volume of air
Volume of air remaining in the lungs even after a
forcible expiration. This averages 1100 mL to 1200 mL.
what are capacities
Capacities can be found out by the summation of pulmonary volumes
what is inspiratory capacity
Total volume of air a person can inspire after
a normal expiration. This includes tidal volume and inspiratory reserve
volume ( TV+IRV).
what is expiratory capacity
Total volume of air a person can expire after
a normal inspiration. This includes tidal volume and expiratory reserve
volume (TV+ERV).
