Biomolecules 3

Question 1

What are the types of carbohydrates

Answer 1

1) Monosaccharides
- sinplest sugar molecules that cannot be broken down further
-single sugar molecule
- fructose, glucose, galactose

2) Disaccharide
- two sugar molecules which are connected
-maltose, sucrose, Lactose

3) Oligosaccharide-

4) Polysaccharide
- many sugar molecules
- glycogen, starch, cellulose

Question 2

What are glucose

Answer 2

• monosaccharide
• hexose sugar because 6 carbon molecule
• it exists in two forms: open chain and cyclic of which cyclic is more stable
• it has a aldehyde functional grp and hydroxyl groups. So it is an aldose sugar.
• in cyclic glucose, there is C1 to C5 linkage.

Question 3

What do you know about ribose and deoxyribose

Answer 3

They are pentose sugars.
The ribose had 2’ OH group but deoxyribose does not.
The OH group is extremely reactive. So Ribose molecules are a part of ribonucleic acid, which make it very unstable and reactive.
Deoxyribonucleic acid have deoxyribose which does not have the 2’OH hydroxyl grp and hence is more stable
So we have dna

Question 4

How is disaccharide formed

Answer 4

It is formed by the linking between two glucose molecules. The Hgrp and OH group from two different molecules bond together to form water which is removed. This is a dehydration reacn. This results I’m a bond called the 1-5 glucosidic bond.

Question 5

types of polysaccharide

Answer 5

based on function:
storage polysaccharide: starch, glycogen, inulin
structural funcion: meant to give support
chtiin, peptodiglycan, cellulose

based on type of repeating monomer unit:
Certain poly sachharides are made of a single monomeri unit whcih is repeated called homopolysaccharide.
Certain polysaccharide is made up of more than 1 type of monomeric unit and are called heteropolysaccharudes

Question 6

define polysaccharide

Answer 6

Polysaccharides are long chains of
sugars. They are threads (literally a cotton thread) containing different
monosaccharides as building blocks.

Question 7

examples of polysaccharides

Answer 7

cellulose is a
polymeric polysaccharide consisting of only one type of monosaccharide
i.e., glucose. Cellulose is a homopolymer.

Starch is a variant of this but
present as a store house of energy in plant tissues. Animals have another
variant called glycogen.

Inulin is a polymer of fructose and found in the root of dahlia.

Chitin is another homopolysaccharide consistting of n-acetyl glucosamine units. It is found in cell wall of fungi and exoskeleton of arthropods.

Question 8

what is cellulose used for

Answer 8

Plant cell walls are made of cellulose. Paper made from plant pulp
and cotton fibre is cellulosic. There are more complex polysaccharides
in nature. They have as building blocks, amino-sugars and chemically
modified sugars (e.g., glucosamine, N-acetyl galactosamine, etc.).

Question 9

why does starch and glucose give charactersitic blue black colour with idoine

Answer 9

starch and glycogen are composed of 2 different units called amylose and amylopectin.
amylose is a single linear chain while amylo pectin contains branched structures, hence leading to the formation of secondary helical structures.

the starch/glycogen can hold the I2 molecule in their helical region. The starch-I2 has the characteristic blue colour.

Celllulose does not have complex helices and hence cannot take up blue colour.

Question 10

what are the 2 ends of glycogen

Answer 10

In a
polysaccharide chain (say glycogen), the right end is called the reducing
end and the left end is called the non-reducing end. It has branches