Biomolecules 4 Flashcards
what are nucleic acids
what are the nitrogenous bases
the heterocyclic compounds in nucleic
acids are the nitrogenous bases named adenine, guanine, uracil,
cytosine, and thymine.
They canbe dividided into 2:
adenine and guamine and substituted purines
thymine and cytosine are substituted pyrimidines
the skeletal heterocylic ring is called purine or pyrimidine
what are the nitrogenous bases for rna and dna
These 4 adenine, guanine, thymine, and cytosine are for DNA.
For RNA, the thymine is replaced with uracil. Uracil is more unstable and hence RNA undergoes mutations more easily.
Thymine-> 5-methyl uracil
function of phosphate
phosophate- make dna negatively charged
function of sugsar
The sugar found in
polynucleotides is either ribose (a monosaccharide pentose) or 2’
deoxyribose. A nucleic acid containing deoxyribose is called
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) while that which contains ribose is called
ribonucleic acid (RNA).
what is the difference between nucleotide or nucleoside
nucleotides are repeating monomer unit of nucelec acid. they contain a nitrogenous base and a pentose sugar and a phosphate. A nucleotide has
three chemically distinct components. One is a heterocyclic compound,
the second is a monosaccharide and the third a phosphoric acid or
phosphate.
nucleoside is the preceding form of nucleotide. It contains a nitrogenous base and thepentose sugar
If a phosphate group is also found
esterified to the sugar they are called nucleotides
give the n-base to nicleoside to nucleotide relation
Adenosine, guanosine,
thymidine, uridine and cytidine are nucleosides. Adenylic acid, thymidylic
acid, guanylic acid, uridylic acid and cytidylic acid are nucleotides.
explain structure of nuceltodiew ith bonding
the nitrogenous base is attached to the pentose sugar by means of N-glycosidic linkage.
The 1st carbon atom of the sugar is attcahed to the nitrogen atom of nitrogenous abse
function of dna and rna
Nucleic
acids like DNA and RNA consist of nucleotides only. DNA and RNA function
as genetic material.
metabolites meaning
it refers to a chemical that participates in a chemical reaction
what are primary metabolites
molecules whose roles in various pathways within enzymes are well defined.
primary metabolites have identifiable
functions and play known roles in normal
physiologial processes,
proteins, lipids, nucleic acid, carbohydrates
what are secondary metabolites
molecules whose roles in various pathways are not well defined in an enzyme
many of them are useful to ‘human
welfare’ (e.g., rubber, drugs, spices, scents and
pigments). Some secondary metabolites have
ecological importance.
