Breathing

Question 1

Accessory Inspiratory Muscles

Answer 1

• utilised in forced inspiration
• scalene group (neck) and sternocleidomastoid
  -elevate top and anterior rib cage to further increase thoracic volume
  -pectoralis major and minor
  -elevate upper ribs

Question 2

Accessory Expiratory Muscles

Answer 2

-Rectus abdominus, internal and external obliques, transversus abdominus
-internal intercostal muscles
- pull down on lower ribs
-squeeze abdomen, tranferring upward presssure on diaphragm

Question 3

Boyles Law

Answer 3

• there is an inverse relationship between pressure and volume
  -as thoracic cavity increases in size, there is a lower pressure, thus air from the higher pressure atmosphere follows the pressure gradient and rushes into the lower pressure cavity in the lungs. (inspiration) and vice versa

Question 4

Tidal Volume

Answer 4

The amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs with each respiratory cycle during relaxed/passive/quiet breathing

Question 5

Inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 5

The volume of air that could potentially be inspirated with maximal effort after quiet inspiration / beyond normal tidal volume

Question 6

Expiratory reserve volume

Answer 6

The amount of air above tidal volume that is released during forced expiration

Question 7

Residual Volume

Answer 7

air that must be present to keep lungs inflated

Question 8

Quiet Breathing

Answer 8

-Breathing at tidal volume
-only involving external intercostals and diaphragm for inspiration
-passive recoil of diaphragm for exhalation

Question 9

Forced Breathing

Answer 9

• accessory muscles involved
• breathing exceeds tidal volume