Breast Flashcards
What associated organ systems are affected in polymastia
Renal and thoracic
What is the most common type of radial thumb duplication?
Type four
Mastectomy, resulting and decreased bulk in the inferior and lateral portions of the right pectoral muscle is caused by injury to what nerve
Medial pectoral nerve from C8 to 1
What does the lateral pectoral nerve
The medial portion of the pectoral muscle and arises from C5 to C6
What are the criteria for free nipple grafting?
Resection of greater than 1500 g transposition length greater than 25 cm or smoking or diabetes history
What common medications cause gynecomastia
Tagamet digoxin, minocycline and spironolactone
When do Mammary ridges develop in an embryo?
During fifth or sixth week
The IMA is a branch of what artery
Subclavian artery on the left and brachiocephalic on the right
Normal diameter of the NAC
35 to 45 mm
Montgomery glands
Sebaceous glands that produce a waxy substance to assist with lubrication and protection of the NAC
Serratus insertion and origin
Originates from the coastal attachments of the anterolateral aspects of the first through eight ribs
Inserts on the deep medial surface of the scapula
Where is the long thoracic nerve found?
Position laterally superficial to the external surface of the serratus anterior in the mid axillary line
Main arterial blood supply to the breast gland and nipple during sub muscular augmentation
Thoracoacromial travels just deep to the pectoralis muscle
Sub glandular dissection disrupts the connection and sub muscular preserves it
What class of endocrine therapy drugs is associated with osteoporosis
Aromatase inhibitors
When is systemic adjuvant chemotherapy indicated
Tumor greater than 1 cm or positive lymph nodes
Stewart Treves
Upper extremity sarcoma development associated with lymphedema following radical mastectomy
Where does angiosarcoma most commonly spread?
Hematogenous spread to the lung and bones
How often is Paget’s disease associated with cancer elsewhere in the body?
80 to 90%
What muscle compensates for the loss of the LD muscle when used as a pedicled flap and becomes hypertrophied
Teres major muscle
What structure is exit the sciatic notch and may be encountered when raising an I gap flap
Inferior gluteal, artery and vein
Sciatic nerve
Pudendal nerve
Inferior gluteal nerve
Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
Pudendal artery and vein
What nerves are at risk in dissection of thigh and buttock flap areas
Femoral nerve at risk with the TFL
Sciatic nerve at risk with the I gap
Cutaneous branch of T2 or lateral femoral, cutaneous nerve of thigh at risk during the DCIA
What nerve is sacrificed in the harvest of an inferior gluteal flap?
Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
How many branches does the thoracoacromial artery usually have
Pectoral
Deltoid
Clavicular
Acromial
Which areas are commonly affected in ectopic polymastia
Breast tissue in areas outside the milk line reported in midline, face, ear, neck, back butt, posterior or dorsal thigh, scalp shoulder, and epigastrium
What associated organ systems are affected in polymastia
Kidneys and thoracic
What percentage of patients was syndactyly as a hand have Poland syndrome
10%
Management of tuberous breast deformity
Augmentation with a periareolar mastopexy
In severe ptosis augmentation with wise pattern
And severely deficient skin envelope two stage reconstruction
Long term and short term complications of gynecomastia treatment
. Short term= hematoma
Long term = inadequate resection
Breast cancer risks
PALB2
BRCA 1/2
Lateral thigh perforator
Pedicure is lateral femoral cutaneous between TFL and gluteus medius
What is the defect in flat nipples
Short lactiferous duct which tethers nipple
decrease in supporting collagen tissue surrounding the duct
Most powerful predictor of 30 day mortality
Albumen < 3.5
