Branching (Partially Acid-Fast), Gram-Positive Bacilli Flashcards

Nocardia, Streptomyces, Rhodococcus, and Similar Organisms; -Actinomycetes-

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1
Q

partially acid-fast aerobic actinomycetes

A

Nocardia
Rhodococcus
Gordonia
Tsukamurella

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2
Q

characterized by beaded appearance in Grams stain

A

Nocardia spp

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3
Q

components of the peptidoglycan of the cell wall of Nocardia spp.

A

mesodiaminopimelic acid (DAP)
sugars: arabinose
galactose

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4
Q

the partially acid-fast actinomycetes that is commonly associated with human disease

A

Rhodococcus equi

    • found in patients infected with HIV
    • capable of replicating inside macrophages
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5
Q

three types of skin infections that are caused by Nocardia spp

A
  • mycetoma
  • lymphocutaneous infections
  • skin abcess/cellulities

— Nocardia brasiliensis is the most common cause of these skin infections

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6
Q

infection caused by Nocardia spp in compromised patients

A

invasive pulmonary infections
disseminated infections

– often spread hematogenously

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7
Q

infections caused by NON-ACID FAST, AEROBIC actinomycetes

A

mycetomas – often called ACTINOMYCETOMA

    • chronic granulomatous lesions in the skin
    • traumatic inoculation of the organism into the skin
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8
Q

type of acid fast stains used

A

modified acid fast stain

– 1% sulfuric acid as decolorizer; NOT 3% hydrochloric acid

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9
Q

stain that can be used on biopsies that are suspected of Actinomycetes

A

Gomori’s methanamine-silver stain

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10
Q

media that can be used to isolate Nocardia spp.

A

Martin-Lewis, CNA

Sabouraud Dextrose Agar
fungal media containing cyclohexamides (Mycosel)

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