Bacterial Taxonomy Flashcards
arrangement or catalogue of related organisms into logical groups
taxonomy
importance of taxonomy
1) establish criteria in identification
2) arrange related organisms into groups
3) provide information on how they evolve
4) provide orderly basis of identification and placing related organisms into groups and categories
groups of related organisms
taxa/taxon
classification that reflects GENETIC SIMILARITY and evolutionary relatedness
PHYLOGENETIC classification system
classification based on CONVENIENT OBSERVABLE CHARACTERISTICS
PHENETIC classification system
seven hierarchical categories (Ranks or Levels)
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Subspecies KP COF GSS
naming of organisms
nomenclature
developed the two name system
Carolus Linneaus
the two level of taxa
Genus and species
collection of strains
species
genetic variant or subtype of a microorganism
strain
three distinct but highly interrelated disciplines
classification, nomenclature, identification of organisms
- MOST BASIC of the taxonomic groups
- can be defined
as a collection of bacterial strains that share common
physiologic and genetic features and differ notably from
other microbial species
species
considered the same species with
the same characteristic genetic makeup that displays differential physiologic characteristics
biotype
encompasses a group of organisms that may
contain multiple genera and consists of organisms with
a common attribute
family
suffix to the root name of taxa “Family”
-aceae
naming of microorganisms according
to established rules and guidelines set forth in the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria (ICNB) or
the Bacteriological Code (BC)
nomenclature
ICNB
International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria
BC
Bacterial Code
system of nomenclature
binomial system
the process by which a microorganism’s key features are delineated
microbial identification
a method of identification that focuses on characteristics that relate to an organism’s genetic
makeup, including the nature of the organism’s genes
and constituent nucleic acids
genotypic characteristics
a method of identification that base on features beyond the genetic level
and include both readily observable characteristics and
characteristics that may require extensive analytic procedures to be detected
phenotypic characteristics
Ability of an organism to grow at various temperatures, in the presence of OXYGEN and other gases, at
VARIOUS PH LEVELS, or in the presence of other IONS and SALTS, such as NaCl
environmental requirements
Ability of an organism to utilize various CARBON and NITROGEN sources as NUTRITIONAL SUBSTRATES when
grown under specific environmental conditions
nutritional requirements
Establishment of the molecular constituents of the cell that are typical of a particular taxon, or organism
group, by various analytic methods. Some examples include cell wall components, components of the
cell membrane, and enzymatic content of the microbial cell
subcellular properties
