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Brain and Behaviour 2 > brain control of voluntary mvts > Flashcards

brain control of voluntary mvts Flashcards

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1
Q

pyramidal tract

A

cs

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2
Q

extrapyradmial tracts

A

rubro, reticulo, vestibulospinal

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3
Q

cerebellum involvement in mvt

A

timing and accuracy

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4
Q

do cortex and brainstem have direct access to motor neurones

A

yes

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5
Q

do basal ganglia and cerebellum have acces to motor neurones

A

no

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6
Q

prefrontal cortex does what

A

cognitive control -> executive function = switch out of habits = goal oriented behaviour

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7
Q

lesion of prefrontal cortex

A

behaviour becomes automatic, habitual, stimulus-driven, dramatic change in personality

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8
Q

dorsolateral prefrontal cortex which BA areas

A

9, 46

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9
Q

dorsolateral prefrontal cortex takes stimulus from

A

external environment

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10
Q

what BA area is frontal pole

A

10

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11
Q

dorsolateral prefrontal cortex lesion (5)

A

lack of planning ability
apathy
can’t sequence actions and tasks
poor working memory spatial (r)
poor workin memory verbal (l)

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12
Q

what is a good test for cognitive flexibiltiy (ability to switch)

A

Wisconsin card sorting test

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13
Q

medial prefrontal cortex

A

choosing response in light of knowledge and past experience (ie internal stimulus)

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14
Q

medial prefrontal cortex may be aberrant in which condition

A

autism

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15
Q

what is BA 11

A

orbitofrontal cortex

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16
Q

what is orbitofrontal lesion

A

blunted or dysregulated emotional experience
lack of persistence,
lack of planning
social inappropriateness

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17
Q

what does anterior cingulate cortex do, when is it busiest

A

monitoring ongoin tasks, busiest with more complex/demanding tasks

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18
Q

broca’s areas is in

A

left hemisphere frontal lobe

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19
Q

supplementary area has strong association with

A

medial frontal cortex

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20
Q

which regions make a actual plan for purposeful action

A

pre-SMA (supplementary motor area) and SMA

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21
Q

what does the Supplementary motor area do

A

organises actions bases on internal goals, makes a plan or sequence fo learned actions(eg play the piano)

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22
Q

damage of SMA

A

can’t execute well learned behaviours (eg play the piano)

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23
Q

premotor cortex has strong reciprocal connection with

A

parietal lobe

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24
Q

which circuit is involved when external cues (eg a ball is thrown at you)

A

parieto-premotor-primary motor cortex

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25
Q

premotor cortex is stimulated by..

A

external stimuli

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26
Q

loss of 2ary motor area

A

apraxia (dyspraxia if mild)

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27
Q

what is fine in dyspraxia

A

desire to perform
muscle tone

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28
Q

primary motor cortex is which BA

A

4

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29
Q

lesion of primary motor cortex (M1)

A

paralysis

30
Q

what is Bereitshaftspotential

A

readiness potential

31
Q

where is the efference copy of any motor plan sent

A

posterior parietal cortex

32
Q

what sort of neurones are in the dorsal striatum

A

medium spiny neurones

33
Q

what neurotransmitters from where input into the medium spiny neurones of the dorsal striatum

A

glutamine from the cortex
dopamine from substantia nigra pars compacta
gaba from local interneurones

34
Q

globus pallidus internal output projects to…

A

VA and VL nuclei of the thalamus

35
Q

substantia nigra is in the…

A

midbrain

36
Q

sunstantia nigra pars reticulata output projects to…

A

superior colliculus (saccades) inh
Thalamus (inh direct pathway)

37
Q

superior colliculus is in charge of…

A

head and eye mvt

38
Q

Broca’s area is where (brodmann area)

A

BA 44 and 45 of left hemisphere

39
Q

where are the frontal eye fields and what do they do

A

BA 8, manage occularmotor

40
Q

what are small jerky movements of eyes like when readinf

A

saccades

41
Q

where do the eyes look when having a seizure

A

opposite side to location of electrical activity in the brain

42
Q

where do the eyes look if frontal lobe stroke involving eye fields

A

towards the side of the location of the stroke

43
Q

where do the eyes look in pontine stroke?

A

opposite side to damage

44
Q

where do FEFs cross over

A

paramedian pontine reticular information

45
Q

what are saccades for

A

to get the desired object of attention into the fovea

46
Q

what happens if BA 8 is damaged

A

FEFs don’t work -> oculomotor apraxia. Have to turn your head to get things into the fovea

47
Q

what is the role of Broca#s area

A

planning (not producing) speech

48
Q

The sensory representation of words happens in the:

A

temporal cortex (before broca’s area)

49
Q

what is it called when a pt has damage to Brocas area and what are the symptoms

A

aphasia
speaks in short or incomplete sentences
no problem understanding

50
Q

what do fefs do (frontal eye fields)

A

coordinate eye movements and gaze shifting for orienting and attentio

51
Q

the corticospinal tract has monosynaptic connections ONLY with motor neurones of the … and …

A

thumb and digits

52
Q

the corticospinal tract has what sort of synapses everywhere but thumbs and digits

A

excitatory and inhibitory interneurones which influence flexors and extensors respectively

53
Q

what is the role of the anterior CST and where does it decussate

A

voluntary mvts of the trunk

decussates at the spinal level it exits

54
Q

where does the CST travel

A

internal capsule

55
Q

In the ventral horn, the α motor neurons supplying distal extensor muscles are located… and…

A

laterally and ventrally

56
Q

In the ventral horn, the α motor neurons supplying proximal flexor muscles are located… and…

A

medially and dorsally

57
Q

where does the anterior CST extend to

A

mid thoracic level

58
Q

each side of the forehead has motor innervation from..

A

both hemispheres of the brain

59
Q

lower part of the face has motor innervation from

A

contralateral corticobulbar tract

60
Q

which side has forehead sparing in a umn lesion

A

contralateral side to lesion

61
Q

where are the red nuclei

A

midbrain

62
Q

does rubrospinal tract cross

A

ye

63
Q

where does ruubrospinal tract cross

A

midbrain

64
Q

what does rubrospinal do

A

extensors and flexors of upper limb

65
Q

does rubrospinal control lower limb

A

no

66
Q

which 2 tracts involved in maintenance of posture

A

reticulospinal
vestibulospinal

67
Q

what is the difference between medial and lateral vestibulospinal tracts

A

medial does head and neck, antigravity muscles whereas lateral does lower limb

68
Q

what causes spasticity

A

UMN lesion

69
Q

what is a series of jerky mvts following sudden stretching of the muscle

A

clonus

70
Q

what is happenign here

A

decorticate rigidity. Legs extended but arms flexed. Lesion on CST above red nucleus

71
Q
A

lesion on CST below red nucleus

72
Q
A

Brain and Behaviour 2 (21 decks)

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