basal ganglia

Question 1

where are the basal ganglia

Answer 1

subcortical around the thalamus and above amygdala

Question 2

how do the basal ganglia allow switiching between motor programmes

Answer 2

inhibit antagonistic and unnecessary mvt, regulate appropriate force of mvt

Question 3

what is the dorsal striatum

Answer 3

caudate nucleus and putamen

Question 4

what is caudate nucleus and putamen called

Answer 4

dorsal striatum

Question 5

what is lentiform nucleaus

Answer 5

putamen an globus pallidus

Question 6

what is putamen and globus pallidus

Answer 6

lentiform nucleus

Question 7

what separaates the caudate nucleus and putamen

Answer 7

internal capsule

Question 8

from this rear view, what are red, gold and pink

Answer 8

red: caudate nucleus
gold: putamen
pink: globus pallidus

Question 9

what does the internal capule separate posteriorly

Answer 9

putamen and thalamus

Question 10

what are the 3 pairs of nuclei of the basal ganglia

Answer 10

putamen, caudate, globus pallidus

Question 11

putamen and caudate are separated by internal capsule everywhere but

Answer 11

rostrally

Question 12

I am made of two adjacent segments, on external and one internal: (in teh basal ganglia

Answer 12

globus pallidus

Question 13

C shaped nucleus which starts in teh frontal lobe and ends in teh tamporal lobe

Answer 13

caudate

Question 14

which lobes does the caudate nucleus run from and to

Answer 14

frontal -> temporal

Question 15

midbrain is divided into …dorsally and …ventrally

Answer 15

tectum dorsal
tegmentum ventral

Question 16

putamen recives input from (2)

Answer 16

primary motor and primary somatosensory cortices

Question 17

what in the midbrain is a reay of teh visual system

Answer 17

superior colliculus

Question 18

what is a extrapyramidal tract that runs in parallel to the corticospinal tract

Answer 18

rubrospinal

Question 19

which goes first, primary or 2ary motor cortex

Answer 19

2ary

Question 20

patellar reflex is a …reflex

Answer 20

monosynaptic/proprioceptive

Question 21

major inhib nt in the brain

Answer 21

gaba

Question 22

major excitatory nt in the brain

Answer 22

glutamate

Question 23

dopamine…(2)

Answer 23

mvt regulation, pleasure and reward

Question 24

95% serotonin produced in the

Answer 24

gut

Question 25

serotonin…(3)

Answer 25

bowel function and appetite, modulation of pain, mood and sensory perception regulation

Question 26

blood supply to basal ganglia mostly from

Answer 26

MCA -> lenticulostriate arteries

Question 27

front part of caudate nucleus supplied by

Answer 27

ACA -> recurrent artery of Heubner

Question 28

What is the chemical nature of most medium spiny neurons?

Answer 28

GABAergic

Question 29

what is the characterisation of parkinson’

Answer 29

loss of dopaminergic neurones from the substantia nigra pars compacta (direct pathway). this means the inhibitory indirect pathway becomes dominant, resulting in loss of movement

Question 30

what characterises Huntington’s

Answer 30

loss of striatal medium spiny neurones meaning the indirect dopaminergic pathway is loss leading to the direct excitatory pathway becoming dominant -> rigidity

Question 31

at the early stage of huntingtons, waht do you see

Answer 31

chorea = hyperexciticity of muscles

Question 32

late stage of hungtingtons

Answer 32

loss of all medium spiny neurones so loss of mvt (resembles parkinsons

Question 33

what is BA 1,2,3

Answer 33

somatosensory cortex

Question 34

what BA is frontal pole

Answer 34

10