Brain Anatomy and Nervous System

Question 1

CNS

Answer 1

Central Nervous System
* brain
* spinal cord

Question 2

Parts of the Brain

Answer 2

• Cerebrum
• Cerebellum
• Diencephalon
• Brain Stem

Question 3

Cerebrum

Answer 3

Largest part of the brain
* conscious thought and perception

Question 4

Cerebellum

Answer 4

Motor Control
* coordinates movement

Question 5

Parts of Diencephalon

Answer 5

• Thalamus
• Hypothalamus
• Pituitary

Question 6

Hypothalamus

Answer 6

• Controls temp, thirst, hunger, sleep
• Regulates neuroendocrine function
• Homeostasis of the body

Question 7

Pituitary

Answer 7

The Master Gland (endocrine gland)
secretes:
* ACTH
* TSH
* Growth Hormone
* Prolactin
* LH
* FSH

Question 8

Brain Stem

Answer 8

Connects the brain to the spinal cord
* origin of most cranial nerves

Question 9

Brain Stem
Parts

Answer 9

• Medulla Oblongata
• Pons
• Midbrain

Question 10

Meninges

Answer 10

Cover the brain and spinal cord

Question 11

Meninges
Layers

Answer 11

• Dura Mater - outer layer
• Arachnoid - middle layer
• Pia Mater - inner layer

Question 12

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Answer 12

Flows between layers of meninges
* helps protect and provide cushion for the brain

Question 13

PNS

Answer 13

Peripheral Nervous System
* 12 pairs of Cranial Nerves
* 31 pairs of Spinal Nerves

Question 14

Cranial Nerves

Answer 14

Originate in the brain

Question 15

Spinal Nerves

Answer 15

• Start in spinal cord
• Have both sensory and motor functions

Question 16

The Blood-Brain Barrier

Answer 16

Separates circulating blood from the fluid in the CNS
* functions to prevent toxins from getting to the brain

Question 17

Cell Types in the Nervous System

Answer 17

• Glial Cells
• Neurons

Question 18

Glial Cells

Answer 18

• Do not transmit nerve impulses
• Function to protect nervous system

Question 19

Neurons

Answer 19

Transmit nerve impulses

Question 20

Neuron Structure

Answer 20

• Soma - body of neuron
• Axon - conducts impulse away from body

Question 21

Grey vs White Matter

Answer 21

• White: axons that are myelinated
• Grey: neurologic tissue not myelinated

Question 22

ANS

Answer 22

Autonomic Nervous System
* motor and sensory nerves
* sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

Question 23

Sympathetic Nervous System

Answer 23

Fight or Flight Neurotransmitters
* epinephine released
* can be triggered by fear, stress, excitement, exercise, etc

Question 24

Effects of Epinephrine Release

Answer 24

• Increased HR, RR, BP
• Mydriasis - pupil dilation
• Bronchodilation
• Decreased GI activity

Question 25

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Answer 25

Rest and Digest Neurotransmitters
* controls normal homeostasis
* acetylcholine released
* SLUD

Question 26

SLUD

Answer 26

• Salivation
• Lacrimation - tears
• Urination
• Defecation

Question 27

Effects of Acetylcholine Release

Answer 27

Released in rested state
* decreased HR, RR
* increased salivation and GI activity
* miosis - pupil constriction

Question 28

Sodium - Potassium Pump

Answer 28

How cells communication
* sodium moves out of cell
* potassium goes back into cell

Question 29

Resting Membrane Potential

Answer 29

When at rest cell is
* negative on inside (k+)
* positive on the outside (Na+)
* charge across cell membrane

Question 30

Depolarization

Answer 30

Firing of the cell
* sodium channels open
* sodium flows into cell
* cell becomes positive - “action potential”

Question 31

Repolarization

Answer 31

Occurs when sodium channels close and potassium channels open
* potassium moves back into cell
* sodium is pushed out
* cell has negative charge