Brain Flashcards
what are the 3 main parts of brainstem
pons
medulla
midbrain
what are major roles of the midbrain
motor tracts
reflexes
dopamine
voluntary movement of limbs
major roles of pons
relay center
breathing
major roles of medulla
crossing od motor tracts
heart rate and strength
breathing
vomiting
swallowing
hiccupping
sneezing
gestation
hearing & balance
what is the functional network of neurons that runs through the entire brainstem
reticular formation
- sleep and arousal (consciousness) are its main function
what structures develop from the telencephalon
cerebral hemisphere
basal nuclei
lateral ventricles
what structures develop from diencephalon
thalamus
hypothalamus
epithalamus
key differences between cranial and spinal meninges
cranial dura has 2 layers
what large artery supplies the posterior brain
vertebral artery
the circle of willis ensures ____ can reach the brain, even if one route is blocked
blood
where is cerebrospinal fluid produced
choroid plexus of ventricles and gradually absorbed through arachnoid villi
where does cerebrospinal fluid flow
subarachnoid space
_______ travels through all parts of the brainstem and has an important function in sleep and arousal
reticular formation
where are visual, auditory and startle reflexes processed
superior and inferior colliculi of the midbrain
what is the ascending portion of the reticular formation called
reticular activating system
what region of the cerebellum governs equilibrium and balance
flocculonodular lobe
the white matter that connects the cerebrum hemisphere is called ______
corpus collasum
functions of hypothalamus
controls ANS
regulates hunger, thirst, feelings of satiety
coordinates between the nervous&endocrine system
what secretes melatonin
pineal gland
what structure carries CSF from the 3rd and 4th ventricle and is located in the midbrain
cerebral aqueduct
role of central sulcus
separates primary motor area from primary sensory area
what part of the brain is called the 5th lobe and aids in motor control, homeostasis and interoception
insula
what do commissural tracts do
conduct nerve impulses from one hemisphere to the other corpus callosum
corpus callosum is an example
what part of the brain helps regulate initiation and termination of movements
basal nuclei
what characteristics is the left hemisphere associated with
analytic
reasoning
math
science
which brain wave indicates deep, dreamless sleep
delta
the type of rehearsal to move information from short term to long term memory is called
elaborative
is hearing a function of temporal lobe
yes
function of frontal lobe
main motor control of the body
is vision associated w occipital lobe
yes
what protects the brain from harmful bacteria and chemicals
blood brain barrier
what separates the primary motor area from sensory area
central sulcus
main sensory output to body is what lobe
parietal lobe
main lobe responsible for motor control
frontal
sensory relay to other parts of the brain lobe
thalamus
emotional system is _____
limbic system
neurological term that describes changes in neurons when they are stimulated
neural plasticity
largest motor tracts of the body that form two bulges in medulla oblongata and decussate here
pyramids
deep valley that separates the L and R hemispheres is called a ____
longitudinal fissure
meningeal layer most external in the cranium
dura layer
middle = arachnoid
inner = pia mater
region of the cerebral cortex posterior to the central sulcus in the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe of the cerebrum that localizes the points of the body where somatic sensations originate
primary somatosensory cortex
the great commissure of the brain between the cerebral hemispheres
corpus callosum
region of the cerebral cortex in the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe of the cerebrum that controls specific movements of groups of mms
primary motor cortex
