Bowel elimination (Chapter 40) Flashcards
Stool analysis is useful in identifying disorders of what 3 things?
GI tract
Liver
Pancreas
Bleeding that occurs in upper GI tract is what color?
Black and tarry in appearance
Bleeding that occurs in lower GI tract is what color?
Bright red blood
Stool analysis is commonly ordered to test what 4 things? OFUO
Occult blood
Fecal fat
Urobilinogen levels
Ova and parasites
What is used to detect occult blood in stool that can be as little as 5 mL per day?
Hemoccult test strip
This substance found in stool is an indication of failure to digest and absorb dietary fat.
Steatorrhea (fecal fat)
This is produced by the breakdown of bilirubin and is responsible for the brown color of stool. Normal levels are 50-300 mg per day.
Urobilinogen
Elimination of solid waste products is a normal function of the body and critical to maintaining what 3 things?
- nutritional status
- hydration
- fluid and electrolyte balance
This is a collapsible tube connecting the pharynx to the stomach. Primary function is to transport solids and liquids from the mouth where digestion begins, into the stomach.
Esophagus
This organ produces and secretes hydrochloric acid, pepsin, intrinsic factor, and mucus.
Stomach
Hydrochloric acid= kills bacteria within food
pepsin= degrades protein
intrinsic factor= protein created to help intestines absorb B12
mucus= protects stomach from gastric acid and enzyme activity
This organ is composed of a duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
Small intestine
Part of the small intestine that secretes hormones that trigger pancreas to secrete bile and pancreatic juice.
Duodenum
Part of small intestine that controls carbohydrate and protein absorption.
Jejunum
Part of small intestine that is responsible for the absorption of fats, bile salts, and water.
Ileum
This is caused by allergies or intolerance of food, fluids, or drugs; antibiotic use; cathartic or laxative use; foodborne pathogens; diseases of the colon or psychological stress.
Diarrhea
This bacterium causes watery diarrhea that is highly contagious and seen in older adults in hospitals and long-term care.
C. diff
The loss of voluntary control of fecal and gaseous discharges through the anus.
Incontinence
The bearing down while holding the breath during straining during constipation.
Valsalva maneuver
The presence of a hard fecal mass in the rectum or colon that the patient is incapable of expelling. Result of unresolved constipation.
Impaction
This is used in radiologic examinations and contributes to the risk for impaction. Encouraged to increase fluids or given laxatives or enemas to ensure removal of it.
Barium
What is documented after surgical procedures to indicate the return of normal bowel movements
Flatulence
This stops peristalsis during surgery and anesthesia and lasts 24-48 hours
paralytic ileus
Which medications directly and indirectly effect bowel elimination? LCAAntiCCaO
Laxatives
Cathartics
Antibiotics
Anticholinergic
Calcium supplements
Opiods
These enemas empty the bowel and remove feces through instillation of fluid. Can be hypertonic or isotonic
cleansing enemas
These enemas are for lubricating the rectum and colon.
oil retention enemas
These are antibiotic or anthelmintic enemas used to treat local infections such as bacteria, worms, and parasites.
medication enemas
These enemas provide relief from gastric distention by stimulating peristalsis to improve passage of flatus.
Carminative enemas
These enemas provide relief from gastric distention by stimulating peristalsis to improve passage of flatus but require a higher volume of solution 100-200 mL
Return-flow enemas
