bovine prevention

Question 1

• Metaphylaxis: Injecting cattle with a broad spectrum, long acting antibiotic on arrival to the feedlot.
• Pre-conditioning of cattle:
- Dehorning and castrating cattle prior to weaning (less stress).
- Vaccination against respiratory disease prior to shipping to feedlot (less stress).

Answer 1

Bovine Respiratory Disease Syndrome (BRDS)

Question 2

• Testing is available to detect infected animals.
• Testing is not very reliable.
• Animals showing signs are culled.
• Feed calves pasturized milk or milk replacer.
• Keep calves isolated from contact with manure of mature animals.
• Vaccination is available from the state for herds with a high incidence.

Answer 2

Johne’s Disease

Question 3

• Vaccination of calves at 2 months of age followed by a booster in 4 to 6 weeks.
• Vaccinate cows prior to calving to provide high amount of antibodies in the colostrum.

Answer 3

Black Leg and Malignant Edema

Question 4

• Good milking technique:
- Pre-dip teats before milking with antiseptic.
- Wipe off teats with a clean towel for each cow.
- Dip teats again after milking with an antiseptic dip that seals the teat ends.
• Make sure the milking machine is working properly. Improper vacuum will damage teat canals and/or force milk back up the teat canal.
• Milk the cows with mastitis last.
• Keep the cows with mastitis separate from the healthy cows.
• Cull cows with chronic mastitis.
• Treat all cows at the end of lactation with a “dry cow” antibiotic treatment.
• Maintain good records to catch mastitis early, when it is curable.

Answer 4

Mastitis

Question 5

• Deworming at kidding/lambing time.
• Worm again at 3 week intervals all spring and summer if not on clean pastures.
• Rotate pastures.
• Put new kids/lambs on clean pastures.

Answer 5

H.O.T. Complex

Question 6

• Clean bedding for new lambs/kids
• Don’t mix lambs/kids of different ages.
• Feed does/ewes coccidiostats to reduce environmental contamination.

Answer 6

Coccidiosis

Question 7

• Give thiamine supplements if using Deccox or anprolium.
• Treat diarrhea and rumen acidosis quickly.
• Avoid abrupt changes in feed.

Answer 7

Polioencephalomylacia in Sheep and Goats (Polio)

Question 8

• Avoid over feeding ewes and does.
• Avoid feeding alfalfa during the last 2 months of gestation.
• Deworm regularly.
• Prevent stress and possible starvation during the last 2 months of pregnancy.

Answer 8

Pregnancy Toxemia or Ketosis

Question 9

• Quarantine any new addition to herd for 2 weeks.
• Vaccine is available for infected herds.
• Vaccine causes shedding of live virus, used only in infected herds.

Answer 9

Contagious Ecthyma or Orf

Question 10

• Vaccinate animals with CDT vaccine.
• Vaccinate with multivalent clostridial vaccines.
• Treat liver flukes or prevent liver fluke infection by avoiding swampy pastures.

Answer 10

Clostridial Diseases

Question 11

Farrow pigs in clean environment!

Answer 11

MMA (Mastitis Metritis Agalactia)

Question 12

• Vaccination of sows and gilts prior to farrowing.
• Vaccination of piglets at one week of age to help prevent diarrhea at weaning.
• Before vaccine was available, the intestines of piglets that died from the disease were fed to the pigs to innoculate them with the live virus.

Answer 12

TGE (Transmissible Gastroenteritis)

Question 13

vaccination of all pigs at weaning.

Answer 13

Erysipelas or Diamond Skin Disease

Question 14

vaccination of:
• Sow and Gilts during pregnancy
• Piglets prior to weaning.

Answer 14

Atrophic Rhinitis