bovine clinical signs Flashcards
- Depression
- Standing with lowered heads.
- Fever: 104 F to 107 F.
- Mucopurulent nasal and ocular discharge.
- Dyspnea.
- Cough.
- Morbidity and mortality may be high.
Bovine Respiratory Disease Syndrome (BRDS)
• Chronic diarrhea
• Suppression of the immune system when paired with respiratory disease. Secondary bacterial infections can occur.
• Mucosal disease: erosions on the tongue, esophagus and associated structures
• Can be fatal
• Can cause uterine infections, abortion birth defects
• Can result in persistent infections (PI) in calves
Affects all ages of cattle causing:
- Fever
- Depression
- Anorexia
- Oral and GI ulcers
• Diarrhea, sometimes with blood and mucus.
Bovine Viral Diarrhea- BVD
- infertility
- breeding difficulty
- abortion in about 5-30% of affected herds.
Leptospirosis and Vibriosis
- Severe toxemia causes weakness.
- Diarrhea.
- Dehydration.
- Fluid filled static rumen, distended rumen with sloshing and tinkling sounds.
- Incoordination or ataxia.
- Recumbency – fluid comes back up and goes into lungs
- Death.
Rumen Acidosis
- Decreased milk production.
- Anorexia.
- Hunching up the back.
- Grunting – hurts
- “Grunt Test”: cow will grunt if pressure is applied over the xiphoid.
- Increased heart rate >90 bpm.
- Reluctance to move or get up.
- Rumen contractions decrease.
- Decreased fecal output.
- Ketosis.
Hardware Disease or Traumatic Reticuloperitonitus (TRP)
signs develop after 2 yrs of age.
• Chronic diarrhea and wasting.
• Causes thickening of the intestinal wall and malabsorbtion of nutrients.
Johne’s Disease
• Profuse watery diarrhea. • Chronic re-occuring bouts of diarrhea. • Weight loss. • Hypoprotienemia • Leukopenia • Electrolyte imbalances: low Na & K • Severe cases may have: - Septicemia, especially calves. - Abortion - Endotoxic shock • Death
Salmonellosis
May cause mycoplasma mastitis later in life in dairy cattle.
Mycoplasma pneumonia
- High fever.
- Severe lameness due to muscle damage.
- Swollen muscle mass contains gas subcutaneously, felt as “crepitice”.
- Death is rapid (animals usually found dead).
Black Leg and Malignant Edema
2 types
• Non-cytopathic strain.
• Cytopathic strain causes:
• Chronic diarrhea.
• Mucosal Disease (MD):
○ Diarrhea
○ Weight loss
○ Crusty eyes and muzzle.
○ Blunting of oral papilla - gone
○ Chronic coronary band lesions on feet.Bovine Viral Diarrhea- BVD
• Abnormal milk:
• Blood
• Clots
• Pus
• Flakes
• Serum
• Swollen and painful mammary glands.
• Chronic cases have fibrous, atrophied glands.
• Gangrene in rare cases.
- Cow is systemically ill.
- Cow may die from toxic shock.Mastitis
- Diarrhea: Trichostrongyle, & Ostertagia
- Severe Anemia: Haemonchus eats RBCs
- Edema: GI protein loss via diarrhea.
H.O.T. Complex
- Diarrhea
- Depression
- Weight loss
- Anorexia
- Dehydration
- Death
Coccidiosis
- Often young animals are affected.
- Neurologic signs:
- Blindness
- Ataxia
- Seizures
- Nystagmus
- Head pressing
- Opisthotonus
- Diarrhea
- Death if untreated in 1 to 2 days.
Polioencephalomylacia in Sheep and Goats (Polio)
- Inappetence progressing to anorexia.
- Weight loss
- Lethargy, unwilling to walk or move.
- Neurologic signs:
- Tremor around head and ears
- Reduced vision or blindness
- Head pressing
- Coma
- Recumbency
- Death
- Occurs in the last 4 to 6 weeks prior to kidding or lambing.
- Occurs the in the first 2 to 4 weeks after kidding or lambing.
Pregnancy Toxemia or Ketosis
