Bottom up - AO1

Question 1

What is the role bottom up approach?

Answer 1

Generates a picture of the offender, their characteristics, their behaviour and social background through systematic analysis of evidence at the crime scene

Question 2

How is bottom up different to top down?

3x

Answer 2

Doesnt begin with fixed ideologies
Profile is data driven
More grounded in psychological theory than top down

Question 3

What is investigative psychology?

Answer 3

Attempts to apply statistical procedures alongside psychological theory to the analysis of crime scene evidence to establish patterns of behaviour that are likely to occur

Question 4

Why are patterns of behaviour established in investigative psychology?

Answer 4

This is so statistical database can be developed which then acts as a baseline for comparison

• Specific details of an offence can be matched against this to reveal info about offender
• May also determine whether a series of offences are linked (same person)

Question 5

What is interpersonal coherence?

Answer 5

Central to the concept
The way an offender behaves at the scene may reflect their behaviour in everyday situations

Question 6

What is forensic awareness?

Answer 6

Individuals who have been the subject of police interrogation before links to how mindful they are at covering tracks

Question 7

What does geographical prophiling use?

Answer 7

Crime mapping - uses information about the location of linked crime scenes to make inferences about the likely home or operational base of offender

Question 8

What is geographical profiling based on?

Answer 8

Spatial consistency - people commit crimes within a limited geographical space

Question 9

What is the assumption made in geographical prophiling?

Answer 9

Serial offenders will restrict their “work” to geographical areas they are familiar with

• Centre of gravity - likely to include offenders base

Question 10

What is Canter’s circle theory (Canter and Larkin 1993)?

Answer 10

Pattern of offedning forms a circle around the offender’s home base

• The marauder - operates in a close proximity to their home base
• The communter - likely to have travelled a distance from usual residence

Question 11

What can spatial decision making offer an insight to?

Answer 11

• Nature of an offence - planned/opportunistic
• Mental maps
• Mode of transport
• Age