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Jessica: NPLEX 2 Botanicals > Botanicals (61-99) > Flashcards

Botanicals (61-99) Flashcards

1
Q

Urtica dioica - root

A

A/I: BPH

SE/T: None

CI: None

Intx: None

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2
Q

Usnea barbata - thallus

A

A: AM, AF

I: infections in general and TB

SE/T: hepatotoxic from isolated usnic acid

CI: None

Intx: None

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3
Q

Vaccinium myrtillus - fruit

A

A: venotonic and anti-adhesion (similar to cranberry)

I: capillary fragility, varicosity, hemorrhoids, UTI, gastroenteritis, diabetic retinopathy

SE/T/CI: fresh fruit in excess = diarrhea

Intx: can interfere with absorption of drugs if taken at same time

Intx: None

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4
Q

Vaccinium myrtillus - leaf

A

A/I: anti-diabetic

SE/T/CI: long term = liver damage

Intx: None

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5
Q

Zingiber officinale - rhizome

A

A: aromatic digestive stimulant, carminative, anti-emetic, AO, anti-parasitic, anti-viral, etc etc

I: anti-atheroschlerosis, N/V
*parasites
*any inflammatory condition
*any GI condition that needs stimulation

frequently added to formulas as synergizer and circulatory stimulant

SE/T: None

CI: active PUD, gastritis, hyperchlohydria, GERD, obstruction, acute diarrhea, acute cholelithiasis

Intx: increased gut motility = decreased absorption

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6
Q

Viburnum opulus and prunifolium - bark

A

A: spasmolytic, emmenagogue (stimulate blood flow to pelvis), nervine

I: muscle spasms anywhere, PMS sxx, menstrual sx, relaxes uterers

SE/T: None

CI: None

Intx: None

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7
Q

Vinca major/minor - aerial

A

A: circulatory stimulant and astringent

I: menstrual sx - menorrhagia, metorrhagia
*poor memory, mild bleeding, HA

SE/T: High dosages can decrease achilles tendon reflexes and paresthesias - will return in a few months

CI: Pregnancy, Constipation, Hypotension

Intx: None

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8
Q

Viscum album and flavescens - leaf

A

A: Anti - HTN, modulates immunity

I: HTN, HIV/AIDS/Cancer (SubQ injection)

SE/T: None at therapeutic dosage (safe)

OD = convulsions, anemia, hemorrhage, liver damage, thymus damage, death

CI: P/L - LOW DOSE HERB

Intx: None

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9
Q

Datura stramonium - leaf

A

A: blocks acetylcholine receptors = SM relaxation (spasmolytic) and inhibits secretions and is an analgesic

I: sx relief of asthma, tremors

SE/T: pupil dilation, tachycardia, confusion, hyperventilation, hallucination, dysphagia, convulsion, coma

ONLY USE SHORT TERM AND LOW DOSE

CI: BPH or other causes of urinary retention, tachycardia, arrhythmias, closed-angel glaucoma, pulmonary edema, GI stenosis, megacolon

P/L/Kids

Intx: potentiates anticholinergics (TCAs, amantadine, quinidine, phenothiazine, antipsychotics)

antagonizes cisapride

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10
Q

Digitalis purpurea - leaf

A

A: positive inotropic, negative chronotropic and vasoconstricts

I: CHF and arrhythmias

SE/T: narrow therapeutic window - OD can be lethal, yellow-green halo around objects, arrythmias

antidotes are potassium and digoxin antibodies

CI: hypokalemia, hyper/hypocalcemia, hypomagnesium, ventricular arrhythmias, kidney failure, severe carditis

P/L

Intx: many - just avoid in general

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11
Q

Dioscorea villosa - root

A

A: spasmolytic, anti-rheumatic, AI

I: menstrual issues: dysmenorrhea, spasms of SM anywhere, endometriosis, PMS, acute RA, OA, myalgias

SE/T: None

CI: None

Intx: None

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12
Q

Echinacea spp - root/leaf/flower

A

A: modulates the immune system, anti-catarrhal, AM, vulnerary, modulates inflammation

I: infections and inflammation anywhere
*skin conditions
*cancer

SE/T: None

CI: may exacerbate AI dz

Intx: None

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13
Q

Eleutherococcus senticosus - root

A

A: modulates immunity and supports the adrenals

I: infx in general, fatigue, hypoadrenocorticisim

SE/T: None

CI: exacerbate AI dz in some. can be stimulating and cause insomnia, anxiety, irritability

*avoid taking late in day to avoid insomnia

Intx: may counteract the effect of immunosuppressive drugs

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14
Q

Ephedra sinica - stem

A

A: alpha adreneric agonist = bronchodilates, anti-cough/secretory, vasoconstricts, constricts urinary SM, stabilizes mast cells

I: sinusitis, asthma, COPD, urinary incontinence, allergic rhinitis

SE/T: safe short term - chronic OD: vertigo, diaphoresis, tremor, urinary retention, arrythmias, seizures, MI, strokes, HTN, death - LOW DOSE HERB

CI: HTN, DM, hyperthyroidism, BPH, glaucoma, CAD, high dosage

P/L

Intx: potentiated by caffeine, potentiates SE of MAOis

synergist with alpha/beta adrenergic agonist and may interfere with their blockers

synergy with amphetamines

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15
Q

Equisetum arvense - dried stem

A

A: alterative, diuretic

I: acne, skin dz, lower UTI

SE/T: chronic usage may interfere with thiamine

CI: None

Intx: None

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16
Q

Eschscholzia californica - aerial

A

A: nervine, hypnotic, antispasmodic, anodyne

I: nerve related pain management, insomnia, anxiety

SE/T: potentiates other sedatives

CI: P/L

Intx: barbiturates, dopaminergics, analgesics, antipsychotics, anxiolytics, MAOIs, SSRIs

17
Q

Eucalyptis globulus - leaf

A

A: AM, counterirritant

I: URTI, OA, RA, S/S

SE/T/CI: VO in high doses are toxic and lethal

OD = irregular breathing, depression and hypotension

topical use or internal use of small doses are safe

CI: pregnancy

Intx: None

18
Q

Eupatorium perfoliatum - leaf

A

A: Diaphoretic, stimulates immune system, anti-catarrhal

I: fever, infx

SE/T: None

CI: high fever, chronic usage, hepatotocity, and usage with other hepatotoxic drugs

Intx: avoid with other hepatotoxic drugs

19
Q

Eupatorium purpureum - root

A

A: anti-lithic, anti-rheumatic, diurtic

I: urolithiasis, gout, AR

SE/T: None

CI: chronic usage, hepatotoxicity, and usage with other hepatotoxic drugs

Intx: avoid with other hepatotoxic drugs

20
Q

Euphrasia stricta - leaf

A

A: name derived from brightening the eye by reducing inflammation but does NOT have effects on vision

I: modulates inflammation, anti-allergy - Alleric rhinitis and conjunctivitis and sinusitis

SE/T: None

CI: None

Intx: None

21
Q

Foeniculum vulgare - fruit

A

A: carminative, spasmolytic, phytoestrogen

I: infant colic, dyspepsia, gas, IBS
*hyper/hypoestrogen states

SE/T: OD of VO could be toxic

CI: GERD, obstruction, high doses of VO

Intx: None

22
Q

Fucus vesiculosus - whole

A

A: anti-hypothyroid, antirheumatic

I: hypothyroidism, RA

SE/T: prolonged ingestion can affect GI absorption of iron, sodium, potassium = abnormal CBC and diarrhea

CI: hyperthyroid, prolonged use because high iodine), P/L

Intx: levothyroxine, amiodarone, lithium, carbimazol

23
Q

Galium aparine - leaf

A

A: alterative

I: acne, eczema, lower UTI, urolithiasis

SE/T: None

CI: None

Intx: None

24
Q

Ganoderma lucidum - cap/mycelium

A

A: deep immune activator and anti-cancer and nervine

I: insomnia, allergies
*cancer tx - during chemo/radiation/adjunct tx
*infections

SE/T: dark stool

CI: organ transplant and mold sensitivity

Intx: potentiates reserpine, chlorpromazine, amphetamines

25
Q

Gelsemium sempervirens - root

A

A: anodyne, sedative, induces labor

I: pain, insomnia, induction of labor

SE/T: excessive doses = sedative, hypotension, hypothermia, respratory failure, ptosis, convulsions

CI: P/L

Intx: None

26
Q

Gentiana lutea - root

A

A: bitter digestive stimulant

I: any condition that you need to stimulate digestion

SE/T: None

CI: active PUD, gastritis, hyperchlorhydria, GERD, obstruction, acute diarrhea, acute cholelithiasis

Intx: increased gut motility = decreased absorption

27
Q

Geranium maculatum - root

A

A: styptic because tannins and binds discharge, venotonic

I: hemorrhage, HMB, varicosities, hemorrhoiids, PUD

SE/T: None

CI: long term usage and total suppression of diarrhea

Intx: tannins may reduce drug absorption so avoid taking together

28
Q

Ginkgo biloba - leaf

A

A: anti-atherosclerosis, anti-platelet, anti-neoplastic, nootopic

I: cerebrovscular insufficiency, dementia, poor memory, fatigue, stroke recovery, HA, migraine

SE/T: hypotension and anti-platelet effects so may lead to bleeding in some

CI: bleeding diathesis, combining with other anticoagulant drugs and hx o hemorrhagic stroke

Intx: avoid combining with other anticoagulant drugs

29
Q

Glycyrrhiza glabra - root

A

A: saponins: decreases degradation of cortisol in liver and kidney = modulates inflammation, decreases testosterone synthesis, anti viral

Flavonoids: modulates inflam/immuno, demulcent

Polysaccharids: demulcent and modulates immunity

I: does everything - lots of GI/Liver, hormone balancing, antiinflammatory dz, neuralgia, infx, CFS

SE/T: None at therapeutic dosages - OD = weakness, rhabdomolysis, edema, kidney failure, HTN encephalopathy

CI: HTN, hyperaldosteronism, estrogen-depedent cancers, chronic OD

Intx: potassium decreases toxicity, increases corticosteroids

EXTREME caution if mineralocorticoids

synergy with other potassium depleting drugs

30
Q

Grindelia robusta - flower bud

A

A: modulates inflam, relaxing expectorant

I: spasmadic cough, URTI, asthma

SE/T: None

CI: None

Intx: None

31
Q

Gymnema sylvestre - leaf

A

A/I: diabetes, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, high cholesterol, dysglycemic

SE/T: None

CI: GERD

Intx: reduces insulin requirements and potentiated hypoglycemics

32
Q

Hamamelis virginiana - bark

A

A: styptic, astringent, venotonic

I: mild hemorrhagic, thrombophlebitic, varicosities, hemorhoids, diarrhea

SE/T: none

CI: long-term and complete suppression of diarrhea

Intx: tannins can reduce drug absorption so avoid together

33
Q

Harpagophytum procumbens - tuber

A

A: bitter digestive stimulant, modulates inflam, and anti-rheumatic

I: stimulates digestive system for all dz, OA, RA, gout

SE/T: none

CI: active PUD, gastritis, hyperchlohydria, GERD, obstruction, acute diarrhea, acute cholelithiasis

Intx: increased gut motility = decreased absorption

34
Q

Humulus lupulus - strobile

A

A: hypnotic, phytoestrogen, bitter digestive stimulant, nervine

I: insomnia, digestive issues, estrogen issues, menopause

SE/T: none

CI: active PUD, gastritis, hyperchlohydria, GERD, obstruction, acute diarrhea, acute cholelithiasis

*long term usage in men can cause gynecomastia and low libido

Intx: increased gut motility = decreased absorption

35
Q

Hydrangea arborescens - root

A

A: anti-prostate, diuretic, anti-stones

I: prostatitis, BPH, urolithiasis, dysuria, cystitis, acute nephritis/pyelonephritis with CVA tenderness

SE/T: none

CI: None

Intx: None

36
Q

Hydrastis canadensis - root

A

A: bitter digestive stimulant, antimicrobial, immune modulation

I: all digestive complaints that need stimulation
*any infx + cancer

SE/T: none

CI: active PUD, gastritis, hyperchlohydria, GERD, obstruction, acute diarrhea, acute cholelithiasis, hepatitis

Pregnancy (3rd trimester) and long term

Intx: may interfere with tetracycline and high doses may interfere with B vitamin metabolism

37
Q

Hyoscyamus niger - leaf

A

A/I: blocks acetylcholine receptors = SNS reaction = decreased pain and spasms in urinary tract, IC

SE/T: tachycardia, hyperventilation, sleepiness, hallucinations, dysphagia, convulsions, coma, death

*SHORT TERM AND LOW DOSE - most oxic of any anticholingeric herb

CI: BPH or other causes of urinary retention, tachycardia, arrhythmias, closed-angel glaucoma, pulmonary edema, GI stenosis, megacolon

P/L/Kids

Intx: potentiates anticholinergics - TCA, amantadine, quinidine, phenothiazine, antipsychotic, antagonizes cisapride

38
Q

Inula helenium - root

A

A: anti-parasitic, mixed relaxing and stimulating expectorant

I: asthma, COPD, cough, URTI, intestinal parasites

SE/T/CI: avoid VO topically

Intx: PA can interfere with absorption avoid taking together

39
Q

Iris versicolor - root

A

A: cholagogue and choleretic, anti-rheumatic

I: biliary issues: insufficiency, dyskinesia
*skin dz
*liver issues: hepatitis
*OA, RA, myalgas

SE/T: *low dose herb, and avoid chronic usage because can be lethal at high doses

**safe at therapeutic dosages for short term*

CI: active PUD, gastritis, hyperchlohydria, GERD, obstruction, acute diarrhea, acute cholelithiasis, hepatitis, cholecystitis

P/L/kids

Intx: None

Jessica: NPLEX 2 Botanicals (7 decks)

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