Botanicals (61-99) Flashcards
Urtica dioica - root
A/I: BPH
SE/T: None
CI: None
Intx: None
Usnea barbata - thallus
A: AM, AF
I: infections in general and TB
SE/T: hepatotoxic from isolated usnic acid
CI: None
Intx: None
Vaccinium myrtillus - fruit
A: venotonic and anti-adhesion (similar to cranberry)
I: capillary fragility, varicosity, hemorrhoids, UTI, gastroenteritis, diabetic retinopathy
SE/T/CI: fresh fruit in excess = diarrhea
Intx: can interfere with absorption of drugs if taken at same time
Intx: None
Vaccinium myrtillus - leaf
A/I: anti-diabetic
SE/T/CI: long term = liver damage
Intx: None
Zingiber officinale - rhizome
A: aromatic digestive stimulant, carminative, anti-emetic, AO, anti-parasitic, anti-viral, etc etc
I: anti-atheroschlerosis, N/V
*parasites
*any inflammatory condition
*any GI condition that needs stimulation
frequently added to formulas as synergizer and circulatory stimulant
SE/T: None
CI: active PUD, gastritis, hyperchlohydria, GERD, obstruction, acute diarrhea, acute cholelithiasis
Intx: increased gut motility = decreased absorption
Viburnum opulus and prunifolium - bark
A: spasmolytic, emmenagogue (stimulate blood flow to pelvis), nervine
I: muscle spasms anywhere, PMS sxx, menstrual sx, relaxes uterers
SE/T: None
CI: None
Intx: None
Vinca major/minor - aerial
A: circulatory stimulant and astringent
I: menstrual sx - menorrhagia, metorrhagia
*poor memory, mild bleeding, HA
SE/T: High dosages can decrease achilles tendon reflexes and paresthesias - will return in a few months
CI: Pregnancy, Constipation, Hypotension
Intx: None
Viscum album and flavescens - leaf
A: Anti - HTN, modulates immunity
I: HTN, HIV/AIDS/Cancer (SubQ injection)
SE/T: None at therapeutic dosage (safe)
OD = convulsions, anemia, hemorrhage, liver damage, thymus damage, death
CI: P/L - LOW DOSE HERB
Intx: None
Datura stramonium - leaf
A: blocks acetylcholine receptors = SM relaxation (spasmolytic) and inhibits secretions and is an analgesic
I: sx relief of asthma, tremors
SE/T: pupil dilation, tachycardia, confusion, hyperventilation, hallucination, dysphagia, convulsion, coma
ONLY USE SHORT TERM AND LOW DOSE
CI: BPH or other causes of urinary retention, tachycardia, arrhythmias, closed-angel glaucoma, pulmonary edema, GI stenosis, megacolon
P/L/Kids
Intx: potentiates anticholinergics (TCAs, amantadine, quinidine, phenothiazine, antipsychotics)
antagonizes cisapride
Digitalis purpurea - leaf
A: positive inotropic, negative chronotropic and vasoconstricts
I: CHF and arrhythmias
SE/T: narrow therapeutic window - OD can be lethal, yellow-green halo around objects, arrythmias
antidotes are potassium and digoxin antibodies
CI: hypokalemia, hyper/hypocalcemia, hypomagnesium, ventricular arrhythmias, kidney failure, severe carditis
P/L
Intx: many - just avoid in general
Dioscorea villosa - root
A: spasmolytic, anti-rheumatic, AI
I: menstrual issues: dysmenorrhea, spasms of SM anywhere, endometriosis, PMS, acute RA, OA, myalgias
SE/T: None
CI: None
Intx: None
Echinacea spp - root/leaf/flower
A: modulates the immune system, anti-catarrhal, AM, vulnerary, modulates inflammation
I: infections and inflammation anywhere
*skin conditions
*cancer
SE/T: None
CI: may exacerbate AI dz
Intx: None
Eleutherococcus senticosus - root
A: modulates immunity and supports the adrenals
I: infx in general, fatigue, hypoadrenocorticisim
SE/T: None
CI: exacerbate AI dz in some. can be stimulating and cause insomnia, anxiety, irritability
*avoid taking late in day to avoid insomnia
Intx: may counteract the effect of immunosuppressive drugs
Ephedra sinica - stem
A: alpha adreneric agonist = bronchodilates, anti-cough/secretory, vasoconstricts, constricts urinary SM, stabilizes mast cells
I: sinusitis, asthma, COPD, urinary incontinence, allergic rhinitis
SE/T: safe short term - chronic OD: vertigo, diaphoresis, tremor, urinary retention, arrythmias, seizures, MI, strokes, HTN, death - LOW DOSE HERB
CI: HTN, DM, hyperthyroidism, BPH, glaucoma, CAD, high dosage
P/L
Intx: potentiated by caffeine, potentiates SE of MAOis
synergist with alpha/beta adrenergic agonist and may interfere with their blockers
synergy with amphetamines
Equisetum arvense - dried stem
A: alterative, diuretic
I: acne, skin dz, lower UTI
SE/T: chronic usage may interfere with thiamine
CI: None
Intx: None
Eschscholzia californica - aerial
A: nervine, hypnotic, antispasmodic, anodyne
I: nerve related pain management, insomnia, anxiety
SE/T: potentiates other sedatives
CI: P/L
Intx: barbiturates, dopaminergics, analgesics, antipsychotics, anxiolytics, MAOIs, SSRIs
Eucalyptis globulus - leaf
A: AM, counterirritant
I: URTI, OA, RA, S/S
SE/T/CI: VO in high doses are toxic and lethal
OD = irregular breathing, depression and hypotension
topical use or internal use of small doses are safe
CI: pregnancy
Intx: None
Eupatorium perfoliatum - leaf
A: Diaphoretic, stimulates immune system, anti-catarrhal
I: fever, infx
SE/T: None
CI: high fever, chronic usage, hepatotocity, and usage with other hepatotoxic drugs
Intx: avoid with other hepatotoxic drugs
Eupatorium purpureum - root
A: anti-lithic, anti-rheumatic, diurtic
I: urolithiasis, gout, AR
SE/T: None
CI: chronic usage, hepatotoxicity, and usage with other hepatotoxic drugs
Intx: avoid with other hepatotoxic drugs
Euphrasia stricta - leaf
A: name derived from brightening the eye by reducing inflammation but does NOT have effects on vision
I: modulates inflammation, anti-allergy - Alleric rhinitis and conjunctivitis and sinusitis
SE/T: None
CI: None
Intx: None
Foeniculum vulgare - fruit
A: carminative, spasmolytic, phytoestrogen
I: infant colic, dyspepsia, gas, IBS
*hyper/hypoestrogen states
SE/T: OD of VO could be toxic
CI: GERD, obstruction, high doses of VO
Intx: None
Fucus vesiculosus - whole
A: anti-hypothyroid, antirheumatic
I: hypothyroidism, RA
SE/T: prolonged ingestion can affect GI absorption of iron, sodium, potassium = abnormal CBC and diarrhea
CI: hyperthyroid, prolonged use because high iodine), P/L
Intx: levothyroxine, amiodarone, lithium, carbimazol
Galium aparine - leaf
A: alterative
I: acne, eczema, lower UTI, urolithiasis
SE/T: None
CI: None
Intx: None
Ganoderma lucidum - cap/mycelium
A: deep immune activator and anti-cancer and nervine
I: insomnia, allergies
*cancer tx - during chemo/radiation/adjunct tx
*infections
SE/T: dark stool
CI: organ transplant and mold sensitivity
Intx: potentiates reserpine, chlorpromazine, amphetamines
Gelsemium sempervirens - root
A: anodyne, sedative, induces labor
I: pain, insomnia, induction of labor
SE/T: excessive doses = sedative, hypotension, hypothermia, respratory failure, ptosis, convulsions
CI: P/L
Intx: None
Gentiana lutea - root
A: bitter digestive stimulant
I: any condition that you need to stimulate digestion
SE/T: None
CI: active PUD, gastritis, hyperchlorhydria, GERD, obstruction, acute diarrhea, acute cholelithiasis
Intx: increased gut motility = decreased absorption
Geranium maculatum - root
A: styptic because tannins and binds discharge, venotonic
I: hemorrhage, HMB, varicosities, hemorrhoiids, PUD
SE/T: None
CI: long term usage and total suppression of diarrhea
Intx: tannins may reduce drug absorption so avoid taking together
Ginkgo biloba - leaf
A: anti-atherosclerosis, anti-platelet, anti-neoplastic, nootopic
I: cerebrovscular insufficiency, dementia, poor memory, fatigue, stroke recovery, HA, migraine
SE/T: hypotension and anti-platelet effects so may lead to bleeding in some
CI: bleeding diathesis, combining with other anticoagulant drugs and hx o hemorrhagic stroke
Intx: avoid combining with other anticoagulant drugs
Glycyrrhiza glabra - root
A: saponins: decreases degradation of cortisol in liver and kidney = modulates inflammation, decreases testosterone synthesis, anti viral
Flavonoids: modulates inflam/immuno, demulcent
Polysaccharids: demulcent and modulates immunity
I: does everything - lots of GI/Liver, hormone balancing, antiinflammatory dz, neuralgia, infx, CFS
SE/T: None at therapeutic dosages - OD = weakness, rhabdomolysis, edema, kidney failure, HTN encephalopathy
CI: HTN, hyperaldosteronism, estrogen-depedent cancers, chronic OD
Intx: potassium decreases toxicity, increases corticosteroids
EXTREME caution if mineralocorticoids
synergy with other potassium depleting drugs
Grindelia robusta - flower bud
A: modulates inflam, relaxing expectorant
I: spasmadic cough, URTI, asthma
SE/T: None
CI: None
Intx: None
Gymnema sylvestre - leaf
A/I: diabetes, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, high cholesterol, dysglycemic
SE/T: None
CI: GERD
Intx: reduces insulin requirements and potentiated hypoglycemics
Hamamelis virginiana - bark
A: styptic, astringent, venotonic
I: mild hemorrhagic, thrombophlebitic, varicosities, hemorhoids, diarrhea
SE/T: none
CI: long-term and complete suppression of diarrhea
Intx: tannins can reduce drug absorption so avoid together
Harpagophytum procumbens - tuber
A: bitter digestive stimulant, modulates inflam, and anti-rheumatic
I: stimulates digestive system for all dz, OA, RA, gout
SE/T: none
CI: active PUD, gastritis, hyperchlohydria, GERD, obstruction, acute diarrhea, acute cholelithiasis
Intx: increased gut motility = decreased absorption
Humulus lupulus - strobile
A: hypnotic, phytoestrogen, bitter digestive stimulant, nervine
I: insomnia, digestive issues, estrogen issues, menopause
SE/T: none
CI: active PUD, gastritis, hyperchlohydria, GERD, obstruction, acute diarrhea, acute cholelithiasis
*long term usage in men can cause gynecomastia and low libido
Intx: increased gut motility = decreased absorption
Hydrangea arborescens - root
A: anti-prostate, diuretic, anti-stones
I: prostatitis, BPH, urolithiasis, dysuria, cystitis, acute nephritis/pyelonephritis with CVA tenderness
SE/T: none
CI: None
Intx: None
Hydrastis canadensis - root
A: bitter digestive stimulant, antimicrobial, immune modulation
I: all digestive complaints that need stimulation
*any infx + cancer
SE/T: none
CI: active PUD, gastritis, hyperchlohydria, GERD, obstruction, acute diarrhea, acute cholelithiasis, hepatitis
Pregnancy (3rd trimester) and long term
Intx: may interfere with tetracycline and high doses may interfere with B vitamin metabolism
Hyoscyamus niger - leaf
A/I: blocks acetylcholine receptors = SNS reaction = decreased pain and spasms in urinary tract, IC
SE/T: tachycardia, hyperventilation, sleepiness, hallucinations, dysphagia, convulsions, coma, death
*SHORT TERM AND LOW DOSE - most oxic of any anticholingeric herb
CI: BPH or other causes of urinary retention, tachycardia, arrhythmias, closed-angel glaucoma, pulmonary edema, GI stenosis, megacolon
P/L/Kids
Intx: potentiates anticholinergics - TCA, amantadine, quinidine, phenothiazine, antipsychotic, antagonizes cisapride
Inula helenium - root
A: anti-parasitic, mixed relaxing and stimulating expectorant
I: asthma, COPD, cough, URTI, intestinal parasites
SE/T/CI: avoid VO topically
Intx: PA can interfere with absorption avoid taking together
Iris versicolor - root
A: cholagogue and choleretic, anti-rheumatic
I: biliary issues: insufficiency, dyskinesia
*skin dz
*liver issues: hepatitis
*OA, RA, myalgas
SE/T: *low dose herb, and avoid chronic usage because can be lethal at high doses
**safe at therapeutic dosages for short term*
CI: active PUD, gastritis, hyperchlohydria, GERD, obstruction, acute diarrhea, acute cholelithiasis, hepatitis, cholecystitis
P/L/kids
Intx: None
