Botanicals (130-162) Flashcards
Chelidonium majus - leaf
A: choleretic and cholagogue
I: biliary insufficiency and prevents gallstones
SE/T: None
CI: biliary obstruction, hepatic failure, acute diarrhea, acute cholithiasis, acute hepatitis, acute cholecystitis
P/L
Dried plant: only fresh is active
Intx: None
Chionanthus virginicus - bark
A: cholagogue, laxative, anti-emetic
I: liver and GB dysfunction, biliary insufficiency, GB stones, constipation
SE/T: None
CI: biliary obstruction
Intx: None
Cineraria maritima - leaf
A/I: anti-cataract if applied topically ONLY
SE/T: hepatotoxic if internal usage
CI: internal usage d/t pyrrolizidine alkaloids
Intx: avoid with other hepatotoxic drugs
Cinnamomum zeylanicum - bark
A: aromatic digestive stimulant, anti-diabetic, styptic
I: GI stimulation, hemorrhage, menorrhagic, metrorrhagic, diarrhea (tannins)
SE/T: high dosages of VO = convulsions, pulmonary edema, liver damage
**tannins can interfere with absorption of herbs and meds - TAKE APART
CI: gastritis, hyperchlohydria, GERD, obstruction, acute diarrhea, acute cholelithiasis
Intx: tannins may reduce absorption so avoid in combo
Coleus forskihlii - root
A/I: HTN, allergies, asthma, hypothyroidism, glaucoma, dilated cardiomyopathy (activates adenylate cyclase)
SE/T: None
CI: caution with active PUD
Intx: may potentiate warfarin and digoxin
Commiphora molmol - resin
A: AM, AO
I: infectious vaginitis and other infx
SE/T: None
CI: None
Intx: May interfere with absorption of lipophilic drugs
Commiphora mukul - gum/resin
A: hypolipidemic
I: elevated LDL, hyperlipidemia, hypothyroidism
SE/T: None
CI: IBD, hyperthyroidism, coagulation d/t, P/L
Intx: propranolol and diltiazem
Convallaria majalis - leaf
A: positive inotropic, negative chronotropic, vasoconstricts
*milder than digitalis
I: CHF and arrhythmias
SE/T: yellow-green halos, bradycardia, arrythmias but generally no SE at therapeutic dosages
OD = wider therapeutic window than digitalis but OD can still be lethal
antidote: potassium
CI: hypokalemia/magnesemia, hyper or hypocalcemia, ventricular arrhythmias, kidney failure, severe carditis
P/L
Intx: Many - just avoid altogether
Cordyceps sinensis - caps/mycelium
A: bronchodilators, anticancer, antibiotic
I: acute infx, anemia, protects bone marrow, fatigue, asthma
SE/T: None
CI: None
Intx: None
Corydalis spp. - rhizome
A: STRONG analgesic, hypnotic, sedative
I: pain management because works on CNS (dysmenorrhea)
* protects against ulcers forming from aspirin
SE/T: None
CI: Pregnancy
Intx: Potientiates barbiturates
Crataegus spp. - leaf/flower/fruit
A: anti-atherosclerotic, antiHTN, positive inotropic, negative chronotropic
I: CHF, angina, arrhtyhmia, capillary fragility, HTN (mild)
SE/T: None
CI: none
Intx: tannins may reduce absorption of drugs so avoid taking together
Curcuma longa - rhizome
A: protects liver and modulates inflammation
I: prevents gallstones, hepatitis, cancer, IBS
*any inflammatory conditions
SE/T: None
CI: none
Intx: None
Cynara scolymus - leaf
A/I: hyperlipidemia, dyslipidemia, and any dz that needs digestive stimulation
SE/T: None
CI: active PUD, gastritis, hyperchlohydria, GERD, obstruction, acute diarrhea, acute cholelithiasis
Intx: increased gut motility = decreased absorption of drugs
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi - leaf
A: urinary anti-septic
I: bacterial lower UTI
SE/T: Uva ursi + cranberry + vitamin C = CI
avoid chronic usage beacuse can be toxic and OD = delirium, convulsions, collapse, death
CI: Pregnancy and usage for more than 10 days
Intx: None
arnica montana - flower
A: vulnerary and anodyne
I: topical: bruises, S/S, small wounds and ulcers
SE/T: NS issues, tachy/bradycardia, HTN, dyspnea, collapse, death, cardiac damage - if internal
CI: large areas of broken skin, internal usage of large doses
P/L
Intx: None
Artemisia absinthum - leaf
A: bitter, carminative, antibug and worm, antidepressant
I: use if need GI stimulation, depression, and worms
SE/T: abortion, severe diarrhea, urinary retention, stupor, convulsions, paralysis, death from VO
CI: internal large doses due to thujone, active peptic ulcers, gastritis, hypochlor, GERD, obstruction, etc.
Intx: None
Artemisia annua - leaf
A: antiparasitic and anticancer
I: malaria, parasites, cancer
SE/T: generally safe but high dosages of VO = neurotoxic
CI: None
Intx: None
Artemisia vulgaria - leaf
A: bitter, stimulant, nervine
I: depression, amenorrhea, and any GI dz that needs stimulation
SE/T: None but has thujone as VO
CI: active PUD, gastritis, hyperchlohydria, GERD, obstruction, acute diarrhea, acute cholelithiasis, hepatitis, cholecystitis
P/L
Allergy to Asteraceae family
Intx: None
Asclepias tuberosa - root
A/I: infx and congestion of upper respiratory tract
SE/T: None
CI: Pregnancy
Intx: Cardiac glycosides in herb potentiate activity of cardiac glycosides in other plants
Aspidosperma quebracho - bark
A/I: stimulating expectorant for a WET cough
SE/T: high dose = N/V
CI: dry cough
P/L/infants
Intx: None
Astragalus membranaceus - root
A: modulates immune system
I: infections in general, cancer, AI dz
SE/T: None
CI: may exacerbate AI dz
Intx: None
Atropa belladonna - leaf/root
A/I: spasmolytic for all SM spasms
anodyne for pain, PMS, dysmenorrhea
secretolytic: esophageal reflux, PUD, hyperchlorhydria
Other: PD, tremors
SE/T: mydriasis, tachycardia, hyperventilation, confusion, hallucinations, dysphagia, coma, death
SHORT TERM AND LOW DOSE
CI: BPH or other causes of urinary retention, tachycardia, arrhythmias, closed-angel glaucoma, pulmonary edema, GI stenosis, megacolon
P/L/Kids
Intx: potentiates anticholinergics - TCAs, amantadine, quindine, phenothiazine, antipsychotics
antagonizes cisapride
Avena sativa - seed
A: anxiolytic, nervine, very nutritions and hypolipidemia
I: anxiety, high lipids, OP
SE/T: None
CI: None
Intx: None
Bacopa monierri - aerial
A: nootropic, nervine, and neutroprotective, thyroid stimulating
I: memory, concentration, ADHD, Alzheimers, hypothyroidism
SE/T: None
CI: Saponins can aggrevate GERD
Intx: phenytoin - may decrease mental fog when taken together
Baptisia tinctoria - root
A/I: infections ingeneral
SE/T: tachypnea, tachycardia, respiratory paralysis
CI: long-term and high dosage
P/L
Intx: None
Berberis aquifolium - root
A: bitter digestive stimulant
I: modulates inflam for skin dz and acne
infx - any
SE/T: None
CI: active PUD, gastritis, hyperchlohydria, GERD, obstruction, acute diarrhea, acute cholelithiasis, hepatitis, cholecystitis
P/L
Intx: increased gut motility = decreased absorption
Berberis vulgaris - root
A: AM, cholagogue, choleretic, antiparasitic, bitter tonic
I: dz that needs GI stimulation
*H pylori infx and other infx
*hepatitis, liver dz
SE/T: None
CI: active PUD, gastritis, hyperchlohydria, GERD, obstruction, acute diarrhea, acute cholelithiasis, hepatitis, cholecystitis, dz with hyperbilirubin
P/L
Intx: potentiates barbiturates
Boswellia serrata - resin
A: modulates inflammation
I: asthma, UC, OA, RA, etc.
SE/T: None
CI: None
Intx: None
Bryonia spp. - root
A: anodyne, sedative, modulates immunity
I: pain, pleurisy, infx, ovarian cysts
SE/T: weak pulse, hypothermia, pupil dilation, delirium/dizziness
CI: P/L
Intx: None
Calendula officinalis - flower
A/I: dermatitis, wounds, skin ulcers, prostatitis, gingivitis
SE/T: None
CI: none
Intx: None
Camellia sinensis - leaf
A: anti-tumor, AM, stimulant, diuretic, anti-obesity
I: prevents cancer, infx, weight loss, GI stimulation with black tea
SE/T: insomnia, tremors, aggitation d/t caffeine, hepatitis
CI: Children, beriberi, thiamine deficiency
Pregnancy
Intx: reduces iron absorption (add lemon to tea to counter act this)
warfarin, MAOIS, adenosine, clozapine, barbiturates, benzos, Beta blockers, lithium, aspirin, OCPs, phenytoin, MTX
Cannabis sativa - aerial/seeds
A: Analgesic, sedative, anti-emetic, hypotensive
I: cancer, HTN, pain management, anxiety, depression, neuropathy, glaucoma, N/V
SE/T: paranoia, anxiety, panic, decreased LH/FSH, infertility, impaired judgment, diminished REM sleep
CI: may decrease sex hormones, FHx schizophrenia, prolonged inhalation, driving within 8 hours
P/L
Intx: potentiates alcohol, opiates, barbiturates
Capsella bursa-pastoris - leaf
A: styptic
I: bleeding d/o
SE/T: None
CI: major bleeding cause its not effective
Intx: may interfere with anticoagulants
