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Jessica: NPLEX 2 Botanicals > Botanicals > Flashcards

Botanicals Flashcards

1
Q

Achillea millefolium - yarrow

A

A: bitter digestive stimulant
- styptic
- vulnerary
- diaphoretic

I: wounds, ulcers, AUB, stimulates digestive everything

SE/T: Mild - nausea

CI: active ulcers, gastritis, hyPERchlorhydria, GERD, obstruction, acute diarrhea, acute cholelithiasis, high fever

Intx: increased gut motility = decreased absorption

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2
Q

Aconite nappelus - root

A

A: anodyne, antineuralgic

I: pain, TG neuralgia

SE/T: N/V, miosis, hypotension, chest pain, v.fib, dyspnea

highly toxic with internal usage, OD = lethal

*narrow therapeutic window = LOW DOSE HERB

CI: P/L

Intx: None

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3
Q

Actea (Cimicifuga) racemosa - root

A

A: tones uterus, serotoneric, facilitates labor, spasmolytic, nervine, anti-rheum

I: menstrual issues (dysmenorrhea, PMS), fertility issues, OA, RA, depression

SE/T: Rare - extreme OD = severe sx

CI: early pregnancy

Intx: None

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4
Q

Aesculus hippocastanum - fruit

A

A: venotonic, modulates inflammation

I: bruises (topical), edems, veins issues, fragile capillaries - varicose veins, etc

SE/T: nausea and unprocessed fruit is highly toxic, IM = hepatitis and renal failure

CI: high doses

Intx: None

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5
Q

Allium cepa and saticum - bulb

A

A: anti-atherosclerotic, decreases lipids, antiplatelet, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anti - H.pylori/worms

I: hyperlipidemia, dyslipidemia, stroke prevention, angina, DM,
*worms/parasites/bugs, dermatophytosis, onchymycosis, warts, infectious vaginitis, OM

SE/T: bad breath and body odor, bleeding at excess dosages

**toxicity due to antiplatelet activity

CI: bleeding diathesis, with concomitant anticoagulants, thyroid dz, garlic allergy

Intx: potentiates antiplatelets and insulin and hypoglycemics

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6
Q

Aloe vera - gel

A

A: modulates inflammation/immuno, vulnerary and demulcent

I (topical): burns, skin ulcers, wounds
I (internal): gastritis, IBD, PUD, IC

SE/T: Safe

CI: 3rd degree burns, deep and infected wounds

Intx: None

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7
Q

Aloe vera - latex

A

A: directly stimulates bowel movements

I: short term usage for atonic constipation when other serious ddx are ruled out

SE/T: internal = abdominal cramps and colic, harmless red urine and feces

Pseudomelanosis coli

toxicity can occur if over 10 days, recurrent usage can cause electrolyte imbalances, dehydration, muscle and kidney destruction with hematuria and albumineria

Can also provoke reflex contraction in uterus if taking when pregnant which can lead to miscarriage

CI: more than 10 days, bulimia, obstruction, spastic constipation, abdominal pain of unknown origin, less than 12 yo

P/L

Intx: dramatic reduction in TT = interfering with absorption of many drugs

*dont combine with drugs that cause hypokalemia or have SE in one sitting

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8
Q

Althaea officinalis - leaf/root

A

A: GI/lungs/Urinary demulcent

I: gastritis, PUD, IC, lower UTI, cough, bronchitis, etc

SE/T: None

CI: wet cough

Intx: None

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9
Q

Angelica sinensis - root

A

A: uterine tonic and can cause antiplatelet effects

I: amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, endometriosis, hyper AND hypoestrogen, menopause, PMS, etc.

SE/T: safe but antiplatelet effects can occur

CI: menorrhagia, bleeding d/o

Inx: caution with anticoagulants

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10
Q

Arctium lappa - root

A

A: bitter digestive stimulant and protects the liver

I: all conditions to speed up GI digestion

SE/T: Safe

CI: active ulcers, gastritis, hyPERchlorhydria, GERD, obstruction, acute diarrhea, acute cholelithiasis, high fever

Intx: increased gut motility = decreased absorption

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11
Q

Withania somnifera - root

A

A: modulates immunity and is relaxing

I: aphrodisiac - stress, infc, AI dz, anxiety

SE/T: None

CI: Pregnancy and may worsen AI dz

Intx: may interfere with immunosuppresive drugs

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12
Q

Valerian officinalis - root

A

A: hypnotic, anxiolytic, nervine, anodyne

I: SM spasms, insomnia, anxiety

SE/T: Daytime sedation

CI: None

Intx: None

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13
Q

Veratrum viride and album - root

A

A: anti-hypertension

I: HTN - NO LONGER USED CAUSE TOOOOOOO TOXIC and very narrow therapeutic window

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14
Q

Passiflora incarnata - leaf

A

A: hypnotic, anxiolytic, nervine

I: insomnia, anxiety

SE/T: few cases of pancreatitis

CI: None

Intx: None

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15
Q

Pausinystalia yohimbe - bark

A

A: alpha 2 - adrenergic antagonist

I: ED, depression, narcolepsy

SE/T: induction of insomnia, anxiety, HTN, nervousness, dizziness

  • CNS effects of alpha blockers (anxiety)

CI: because is anxiogenic - panic attacks, PTSD, CAD, severe edema, PUD, renal dz

P/L

Intx: could interfere with alpha adrenergic agonist drugs and phenytoin (anticonvulsant)

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16
Q

Phytolacca americana - root

A

A: lympathic tonic and anti-rheumatic

I: lymphadenopathy, cysts, mastitis, myalgia, OA, RA

SE/T: None at therapeutic dosages but lectins can cause systemic toxicity

CI: P/L

*ok for short term mastitis
*LOW DOSE HERB

Intx: None

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17
Q

Piper methysticum - root

A

A: anxiolytic, anodyne, nervine, spasmolytic

I: anxiety, IC

SE/T: None usually but discontinue if you see signs of liver damage

CI: combo with anti-psychotic meds and long-term usage of high dosage

Intx: None

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18
Q

Piscidia erythrina - bark

A

A: anodyne, spasmolytic, sedative, nervine

I: myalgia, neuralgia, HA, insomnia

SE/T: Overdose can cause depressed consciousness, convulsions, respiratory depression, HR and death - LOW DOSE HERB

CI: Pregnancy

Intx: None

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19
Q

Plantago spp. - leaf

A

C: GI/lung/urinary demulcent and vulnerary

I: gastritis, PUD, IC, lower UTI, etc.
*dermatitis, wounds, skin ulcers

SE/T: None

CI: Wet Cough

Intx: PA interfere with absorption of drugs simultaneously

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20
Q

Podophyllum peltatum - root

A

A: anti-cancer, anti-HPV, cholagogue

I: cancer and warts

SE: extremely toxic if crude herb - no longer used clinically as crude herb. internal OD - tachycardia, hypotension, unconsciousness, death

CI: fresh root, internal usage, P - teratogenic and fetocidal/L

Intx: None

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21
Q

Prunus serotina - bark

A

A/I: relaxing expectorant for spasmodic cough

SE/T: None

CI: None

Intx: None

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22
Q

Prunus africanum - bark

A

A/I: inhibits 5a reductase so will correct the prostate in BPH

safe but environmentally threatened so use serenoa instead

SE/T: None

Intx: None

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23
Q

Pulsatilla vulgaris - leaf/flower

A

A: anodyne (painkiller), sedative, nervine

I: menstrual stuff: PMS, Pain, cramps
*insomnia b/c sedative herb

SE/T: serious SE: arrthymias, hypothermia, paralysis, convulsion, stupor

CI: P/L

Intx: None

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24
Q

Quercus spp - bark

A

A: astringent, styptic, AI, antiseptic

I (internal): IBD, diarrhea, dysentery
I (external): varicosities, fissures, wounds, vaginal prolapse, post partum uterine bleeding

SE: avoid internal high dosage and long-term

  • iron deficiency anemial and malabsorption

CI: HF, large area of skin damage, full baths

Intx: may reduce GI absorption drugs

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25
Q

Rauwolfia serpentina - root

A

A: depletes catecholamine vesicles in CNS = systemic VASODILATION, anti-psychotic, antiarrythmic

I: HTN

SE/T: Therapeutic dosages: stuffy nose, loose stool, edema

Toxic dosages: bradycardia, depression, parkinsons, drowsiness d/t severe catecholamine depression - LOW DOSE HERB

CI: depression, PD, hyperPRL, active PUD, UC

Pregnancy (can use when essential)

Intx: thiazide diuretics, MAOIs, TCA, adrenergic agonists

if taken with digoxin or quinidine = may cause arrthymias

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26
Q

Rhamnus frangula - bark

A

A: directly stimulates BM

I: short-term usage for atonic constipation when no other shit works

SE/T: internal = abdominal cramps and colic, harmless red urine and feces

Pseudomelanosis coli

toxicity can occur if over 10 days, recurrent usage can cause electrolyte imbalances, dehydration, muscle and kidney destruction with hematuria and albumineria

Can also provoke reflex contraction in uterus if taking when pregnant which can lead to miscarriage

CI: use less than 10 days, bulimia, obstruction, undx ab pain, kids under 12 yo

Intx: decreased TT = changes of absorption

*avoid taking with drugs that cause hypokalemia or have SE at same time

P and L(?)

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27
Q

Rhodiola rosea - herb

A

A: adaptogen, antidepressant

I: stress, decreased immune system, cancer, depression

SE/T: None

CI: None

Intx: immunosuppressive agents

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28
Q

Ricinus communis - topical oil

A

A: anodyne, modulates inflam, stimulates labor

I: menstrual pain, stimulates labor if placed on the os

SE/T: None

CI: application over broken skin

Intx: None

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29
Q

Ricinus communis - internal oil

A

A: directly stimulates BM, emetic and facilitates labor

I: short term usage of atonic constipation, post-date labor

SE/T: internal = abdominal cramps and colic, harmless red urine and feces

Pseudomelanosis coli

toxicity can occur if over 10 days, recurrent usage can cause electrolyte imbalances, dehydration, muscle and kidney destruction with hematuria and albumineria

Can also provoke reflex contraction in uterus if taking when pregnant which can lead to miscarriage

CI: use less than 10 days, bulimia, obstruction, undx ab pain, kids under 12 yo

Intx: decreased TT = changes of absorption

*Avoid taking drugs that cause hypokalemia or have SE at the same time - cardiac glycosides, diuretics, antiarrhythmics, corticosteroids

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30
Q

Rosmarinus officinalis - leaf

A

A: antimicrobial, stimulates circulation, nootropic, counterirritant if topical

I: hypotension, poor memory, dementia, URTI, bronchitis, liver detoxification
*topical: myalgia, arthalgis, S/S

SE/T: Internal OD of VO can cause neurotoxicity and even death

CI: Pregnancy - internally (volatile oil)

Intx: None

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31
Q

Rubus idaeus - leaf/root

A

A: facilitates labor, uterine tonic and astringent

I: diarrhea, preparing for labor

SE/T: None

CI: total diarrhea suppression

Intx: tannins = reduced absorption

*take away from drugs

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32
Q

Rumex crispus - root

A

A: bitter digestive stimulant, protects liver

I: all dz that need GI stimulation after serious ddx R/O

SE/T: None

CI: active PUD, gastritis, hyperchlohydria, GERD, obstruction, acute diarrhea, acute cholelithiasis

Intx: increased gut motility = decreased absorption

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33
Q

Salix spp. - bark

A

A: anodyne, modulates inflam, anti-fever, anti-rheum, analgesic

I: pain, UTI, fever, myalgias, OA/RA, S/S

SE/T: contains salicylates = GI irritation

CI: childhood viral exanthems, long-term usage, salicylate sensitivity, G6PD

Lactation

Intx: anticoagulants and antiplatelets

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34
Q

Theobroma cacao - fruit

A

A/I: stimulant, vasodilates, SM relaxant = bronchial muscle relaxant

SE/T: None

CI: Heart disease?

Intx: decreases iron absorption, MAOs, quinoline antibotics, OCPs - inhibit caffeine metabolism

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35
Q

Thuji occidentalia - leaf

A

A: immunomodulating and anti-HPV

I: warts, pharngitis and tonsilitis

SE/T: None at therapeutic dosages

high dosages of thujone: convulsions, hallucinations, nightmares, insomnia, nausea, vomiting, fatty liver

VO contains thujone = neurotoxic and carcinogenic = AVOID

CI: None at therapeutic dosages

Intx: None

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36
Q

Thymus vulgaris - leaf

A

A: anti-microbial/H pylori/worm

I: all fungal, bacterial, parasitic infection

can also help with OA, RA, S/S when applied topically

SE/T: high doses of VO = neurotoxic and lethal

CI: high doses of VO

Intx: None

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37
Q

Sambucus nigra - fruit

A

A: antiviral/oxidant/catarrhal

I: influenza, URTI

SE/T: diarrhea

CI: None

Intx: None

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38
Q

Sanguinaria canadensis - root

A

A: stimulating expectorant and escharotic (topical)

I: oral rinses: gingivitis
*wet cough
*cervical dysplasia, BCC or SCC (early)

SE/T: many: arrhythmias, shock, coma, potentially lethal if OD if internal usage

topical: skin necrosis, nerve damage, oral leukoplakia

*a mitochondrial poison = severely toxic (internal) = painful tissue destruction (topical)

CI: dry cough, infants

P/L

Intx: None

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39
Q

Schisandra chinensis - fruit

A

A: protects liver and tones nervous system, deeply immune activation

I: chronic hepatitis and liver damage, fatigue, stress/debility

SE/T: None

CI: Pregnancy but can use to assist in birth process

Intx: potentiates barbiturates, enhances drug clearance by liver

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40
Q

Scutellaria baicalensis - root

A

A: anti-allergy, AI, AO

I: asthma, hayfever, dermatitis, acute infx

SE/T: None

CI: 1st trimester of pregnancy

Intx: cyclosporines

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41
Q

scutellaria lateriflora - leaf

A

A: hypnotic, anxiolytic, anodyne, nervine

I: insomnia, anxiety, pain

SE/T: None

CI: None

Intx: None

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42
Q

Selenicereus grandiflorus - stem/flower

A

A: anti-arrythmia

I: CHF, arrythmia, palpitations

SE/T: none at therapeutic doses - LOW DOSE HERB - OD = arrhythmias, confusion, tachycardia

CI: P/L

Intx: None

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43
Q

Serenoa repens - fruit

A

A/I: inhibits testosterone activity so works on prostate for BPH

SE/T: None

CI: None

Intx: None

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44
Q

Hypericum perforatum - leaf/flower

A

A: antidepressant, anticancer, antibug, nervine

I: depression, cancer, enveloped viruses, sciatica, neuralgia

SE/T: photosensitive skin

CI: high doses with strong UV light exposure

Intx: reduces serum levels of many drugs = anti HPV protease inhibitors, cyclosporines, digoxin, morphine, OCP, statins, TCAs, theophylline, warfarin

can potentiate serotonin syndrome if taken with SSRI

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45
Q

Salvia officinalis - leaf

A

A: antimicrobial and anti-secretory

I: menopausal hot flashes/sweats, infx

SE/T: internal OD = neurotoxic and/or death

CI: Lactation unless you want to dry up milk, and high doses of VO

Intx: None

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46
Q

Sambucus nigra - flower

A

A: diaphoretic, modulates inflammation, anti-allergy

I: fever, allergic conjunctivitis and other itis of the EENT pathway

SE/T: None

CI: high fever

Intx: None

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47
Q

Silybum marianum - seed

A

A: protects and restores the liver and also improves bile quality

I: hepatitis/cirrhosis/fatty liver

SE/T: None

CI: None

Intx: None

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48
Q

Smilax spp. - root

A

A: anti-rheumatic, diaphoretic, AI

I: chronic skin inflam conditions, OA/RA

SE/T: increased absorption of digitalis glycosides

CI: GERD

Intx: None

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49
Q

Solidago spp. - aerial

A

A: anti-catarrhal, AI, AM, astringent, diaphoretic

I: URTI with catarrh, flu, dyspepsia, urinary irritation/nflam and topical wound healing

SE/T: None

CI: allergy to Asteraceae family

Intx: None

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50
Q

Symphytum officinale - leaf/root

A

A: demulcent and expectorant with vulnerary abilities

I (topical): wounds, dermatitis, fractures of osteum
I (internal): dry cough, inflammation, UTIs

SE/T: HVOD = hepatis fibrosis = liver failure - contains unsaturated PA’s = irreversible liver and kidney damage

HVOD = intrahepatic post-sinusoidal portal hypertension caused by stenosis or occlusion of veins, including the central veins of hepatic lobules and the sublobular veins

CI: wet cough, massive areas of broken skin, internal usage = HVOD

extreme caution with P/L/kids but topical usage ok with these people

Intx: toxicity may increase with hepatotoxic drugs

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51
Q

Tanacetum parthenium - leaf

A

A/I: modulates inflam and anti-migraine

SE/T: None

CI: Pregnancy

Intx: None

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52
Q

Tanacetum vulgare - flower

A

A: abortifacient and fetoxocic and antiparasitic (intestinal)

SE/T: convulsions, arrythmias, rigid pupils, uterine bleeding, tachypnea, LOC

***Abortifacient, fetotoxic, carcinogenic - thujone and camphor in VO

CI: pregnancy, V/O and long-term - LOW-DOSE HERB

Intx: None

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53
Q

Taraxacum officinale - leaf

A

A:bitter digestive stimulant, diuretic, ant-hpv

I: all things that require GI stimulation
*UTI, edema
*warts

SE/T: None

CI: active PUD, gastritis, hyperchlohydria, GERD, obstruction, acute diarrhea, acute cholelithiasis

Intx: increased gut motility = decreased absorption

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54
Q

Taraxacum officinale - root

A

A: bitter digestive stimulant, protects liver

I: all things that require GI stimulation

SE/T: None

CI: active PUD, gastritis, hyperchlohydria, GERD, obstruction, acute diarrhea, acute cholelithiasis

Intx: increased gut motility = decreased absorption

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55
Q

Tilia europaea - flower/leaf/dried sapwood

A

A: diaphoretic, vasodilates, spasmolytic, nervine

I (internal): restless, HA, URTI with catarrh, HTN
I (external): enema for anxiety, HTN, RA, dermatitis

SE/T: urticaria (external usage) and allergic rhinitis

CI: None

Intx: decreases iron absorption

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56
Q

Tribulus terrestris - aerial

A

A: indirectly estrogenic in females and androgenic in men, tonic

I: infertility, importance, decreased libido, fatigue

SE/T: None

CI: P/L, GERD and cholestasis

Intx: None

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57
Q

Trifolium pratense - flower

A

A: phytoestrogen, nervine

I: hyper/hypoestrogen conditions and menopause

SE/T: None

CI: none

Intx: None

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58
Q

Tussilago farfara - leaf/root

A

A: demulcent, expectorant, anti-catarrhal, promotes wound healing

I: wounds, dermatitis, dry cough, inflamm

**has unsaturated pyrrolizidine alkaloids so topical usage is safe but can absorb into skin

SE/T: hepatotoxic with chronic usage because unsaturated PAs

CI: wet cough, massive areas of broken skin, internal usage = HVOD

extreme caution with P/L/kids but topical usage ok with these people

Intx: None

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59
Q

Ulmus rubra - bark

A

A: GI/lungs/urinary demulcent

I: gastritis, PUD, IC, UTI, etc.

SE/T: None

CI: wet cough

*avoid herbs because dutch elm disease on species and can kill trees - use althaea or other tx options

Intx: PA can reduce absorption of drugs if taken simultaneously

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60
Q

Urtica dioica - leaf/seed

A

A: diuretic, modulates inflammation

I (topical): OA, RA
I (internal): lower UTI, urolithiasis, AR, eczema, OP

SE/T: stings from fresh leaves topically

CI: None

Intx: None

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61
Q

Urtica dioica - root

A

A/I: BPH

SE/T: None

CI: None

Intx: None

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62
Q

Usnea barbata - thallus

A

A: AM, AF

I: infections in general and TB

SE/T: hepatotoxic from isolated usnic acid

CI: None

Intx: None

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63
Q

Vaccinium myrtillus - fruit

A

A: venotonic and anti-adhesion (similar to cranberry)

I: capillary fragility, varicosity, hemorrhoids, UTI, gastroenteritis, diabetic retinopathy

SE/T/CI: fresh fruit in excess = diarrhea

Intx: can interfere with absorption of drugs if taken at same time

Intx: None

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64
Q

Vaccinium myrtillus - leaf

A

A/I: anti-diabetic

SE/T/CI: long term = liver damage

Intx: None

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65
Q

Zingiber officinale - rhizome

A

A: aromatic digestive stimulant, carminative, anti-emetic, AO, anti-parasitic, anti-viral, etc etc

I: anti-atheroschlerosis, N/V
*parasites
*any inflammatory condition
*any GI condition that needs stimulation

frequently added to formulas as synergizer and circulatory stimulant

SE/T: None

CI: active PUD, gastritis, hyperchlohydria, GERD, obstruction, acute diarrhea, acute cholelithiasis

Intx: increased gut motility = decreased absorption

66
Q

Viburnum opulus and prunifolium - bark

A

A: spasmolytic, emmenagogue (stimulate blood flow to pelvis), nervine

I: muscle spasms anywhere, PMS sxx, menstrual sx, relaxes uterers

SE/T: None

CI: None

Intx: None

67
Q

Vinca major/minor - aerial

A

A: circulatory stimulant and astringent

I: menstrual sx - menorrhagia, metorrhagia
*poor memory, mild bleeding, HA

SE/T: High dosages can decrease achilles tendon reflexes and paresthesias - will return in a few months

CI: Pregnancy, Constipation, Hypotension

Intx: None

68
Q

Viscum album and flavescens - leaf

A

A: Anti - HTN, modulates immunity

I: HTN, HIV/AIDS/Cancer (SubQ injection)

SE/T: None at therapeutic dosage (safe)

OD = convulsions, anemia, hemorrhage, liver damage, thymus damage, death

CI: P/L - LOW DOSE HERB

Intx: None

69
Q

Datura stramonium - leaf

A

A: blocks acetylcholine receptors = SM relaxation (spasmolytic) and inhibits secretions and is an analgesic

I: sx relief of asthma, tremors

SE/T: pupil dilation, tachycardia, confusion, hyperventilation, hallucination, dysphagia, convulsion, coma

ONLY USE SHORT TERM AND LOW DOSE

CI: BPH or other causes of urinary retention, tachycardia, arrhythmias, closed-angel glaucoma, pulmonary edema, GI stenosis, megacolon

P/L/Kids

Intx: potentiates anticholinergics (TCAs, amantadine, quinidine, phenothiazine, antipsychotics)

antagonizes cisapride

70
Q

Digitalis purpurea - leaf

A

A: positive inotropic, negative chronotropic and vasoconstricts

I: CHF and arrhythmias

SE/T: narrow therapeutic window - OD can be lethal, yellow-green halo around objects, arrythmias

antidotes are potassium and digoxin antibodies

CI: hypokalemia, hyper/hypocalcemia, hypomagnesium, ventricular arrhythmias, kidney failure, severe carditis

P/L

Intx: many - just avoid in general

71
Q

Dioscorea villosa - root

A

A: spasmolytic, anti-rheumatic, AI

I: menstrual issues: dysmenorrhea, spasms of SM anywhere, endometriosis, PMS, acute RA, OA, myalgias

SE/T: None

CI: None

Intx: None

72
Q

Echinacea spp - root/leaf/flower

A

A: modulates the immune system, anti-catarrhal, AM, vulnerary, modulates inflammation

I: infections and inflammation anywhere
*skin conditions
*cancer

SE/T: None

CI: may exacerbate AI dz

Intx: None

73
Q

Eleutherococcus senticosus - root

A

A: modulates immunity and supports the adrenals

I: infx in general, fatigue, hypoadrenocorticisim

SE/T: None

CI: exacerbate AI dz in some. can be stimulating and cause insomnia, anxiety, irritability

*avoid taking late in day to avoid insomnia

Intx: may counteract the effect of immunosuppressive drugs

74
Q

Ephedra sinica - stem

A

A: alpha adreneric agonist = bronchodilates, anti-cough/secretory, vasoconstricts, constricts urinary SM, stabilizes mast cells

I: sinusitis, asthma, COPD, urinary incontinence, allergic rhinitis

SE/T: safe short term - chronic OD: vertigo, diaphoresis, tremor, urinary retention, arrythmias, seizures, MI, strokes, HTN, death - LOW DOSE HERB

CI: HTN, DM, hyperthyroidism, BPH, glaucoma, CAD, high dosage

P/L

Intx: potentiated by caffeine, potentiates SE of MAOis

synergist with alpha/beta adrenergic agonist and may interfere with their blockers

synergy with amphetamines

75
Q

Equisetum arvense - dried stem

A

A: alterative, diuretic

I: acne, skin dz, lower UTI

SE/T: chronic usage may interfere with thiamine

CI: None

Intx: None

76
Q

Eschscholzia californica - aerial

A

A: nervine, hypnotic, antispasmodic, anodyne

I: nerve related pain management, insomnia, anxiety

SE/T: potentiates other sedatives

CI: P/L

Intx: barbiturates, dopaminergics, analgesics, antipsychotics, anxiolytics, MAOIs, SSRIs

77
Q

Eucalyptis globulus - leaf

A

A: AM, counterirritant

I: URTI, OA, RA, S/S

SE/T/CI: VO in high doses are toxic and lethal

OD = irregular breathing, depression and hypotension

topical use or internal use of small doses are safe

CI: pregnancy

Intx: None

78
Q

Eupatorium perfoliatum - leaf

A

A: Diaphoretic, stimulates immune system, anti-catarrhal

I: fever, infx

SE/T: None

CI: high fever, chronic usage, hepatotocity, and usage with other hepatotoxic drugs

Intx: avoid with other hepatotoxic drugs

79
Q

Eupatorium purpureum - root

A

A: anti-lithic, anti-rheumatic, diurtic

I: urolithiasis, gout, AR

SE/T: None

CI: chronic usage, hepatotoxicity, and usage with other hepatotoxic drugs

Intx: avoid with other hepatotoxic drugs

80
Q

Euphrasia stricta - leaf

A

A: name derived from brightening the eye by reducing inflammation but does NOT have effects on vision

I: modulates inflammation, anti-allergy - Alleric rhinitis and conjunctivitis and sinusitis

SE/T: None

CI: None

Intx: None

81
Q

Foeniculum vulgare - fruit

A

A: carminative, spasmolytic, phytoestrogen

I: infant colic, dyspepsia, gas, IBS
*hyper/hypoestrogen states

SE/T: OD of VO could be toxic

CI: GERD, obstruction, high doses of VO

Intx: None

82
Q

Fucus vesiculosus - whole

A

A: anti-hypothyroid, antirheumatic

I: hypothyroidism, RA

SE/T: prolonged ingestion can affect GI absorption of iron, sodium, potassium = abnormal CBC and diarrhea

CI: hyperthyroid, prolonged use because high iodine), P/L

Intx: levothyroxine, amiodarone, lithium, carbimazol

83
Q

Galium aparine - leaf

A

A: alterative

I: acne, eczema, lower UTI, urolithiasis

SE/T: None

CI: None

Intx: None

84
Q

Ganoderma lucidum - cap/mycelium

A

A: deep immune activator and anti-cancer and nervine

I: insomnia, allergies
*cancer tx - during chemo/radiation/adjunct tx
*infections

SE/T: dark stool

CI: organ transplant and mold sensitivity

Intx: potentiates reserpine, chlorpromazine, amphetamines

85
Q

Gelsemium sempervirens - root

A

A: anodyne, sedative, induces labor

I: pain, insomnia, induction of labor

SE/T: excessive doses = sedative, hypotension, hypothermia, respratory failure, ptosis, convulsions

CI: P/L

Intx: None

86
Q

Gentiana lutea - root

A

A: bitter digestive stimulant

I: any condition that you need to stimulate digestion

SE/T: None

CI: active PUD, gastritis, hyperchlorhydria, GERD, obstruction, acute diarrhea, acute cholelithiasis

Intx: increased gut motility = decreased absorption

87
Q

Geranium maculatum - root

A

A: styptic because tannins and binds discharge, venotonic

I: hemorrhage, HMB, varicosities, hemorrhoiids, PUD

SE/T: None

CI: long term usage and total suppression of diarrhea

Intx: tannins may reduce drug absorption so avoid taking together

88
Q

Ginkgo biloba - leaf

A

A: anti-atherosclerosis, anti-platelet, anti-neoplastic, nootopic

I: cerebrovscular insufficiency, dementia, poor memory, fatigue, stroke recovery, HA, migraine

SE/T: hypotension and anti-platelet effects so may lead to bleeding in some

CI: bleeding diathesis, combining with other anticoagulant drugs and hx o hemorrhagic stroke

Intx: avoid combining with other anticoagulant drugs

89
Q

Glycyrrhiza glabra - root

A

A: saponins: decreases degradation of cortisol in liver and kidney = modulates inflammation, decreases testosterone synthesis, anti viral

Flavonoids: modulates inflam/immuno, demulcent

Polysaccharids: demulcent and modulates immunity

I: does everything - lots of GI/Liver, hormone balancing, antiinflammatory dz, neuralgia, infx, CFS

SE/T: None at therapeutic dosages - OD = weakness, rhabdomolysis, edema, kidney failure, HTN encephalopathy

CI: HTN, hyperaldosteronism, estrogen-depedent cancers, chronic OD

Intx: potassium decreases toxicity, increases corticosteroids

EXTREME caution if mineralocorticoids

synergy with other potassium depleting drugs

90
Q

Grindelia robusta - flower bud

A

A: modulates inflam, relaxing expectorant

I: spasmadic cough, URTI, asthma

SE/T: None

CI: None

Intx: None

91
Q

Gymnema sylvestre - leaf

A

A/I: diabetes, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, high cholesterol, dysglycemic

SE/T: None

CI: GERD

Intx: reduces insulin requirements and potentiated hypoglycemics

92
Q

Hamamelis virginiana - bark

A

A: styptic, astringent, venotonic

I: mild hemorrhagic, thrombophlebitic, varicosities, hemorhoids, diarrhea

SE/T: none

CI: long-term and complete suppression of diarrhea

Intx: tannins can reduce drug absorption so avoid together

93
Q

Harpagophytum procumbens - tuber

A

A: bitter digestive stimulant, modulates inflam, and anti-rheumatic

I: stimulates digestive system for all dz, OA, RA, gout

SE/T: none

CI: active PUD, gastritis, hyperchlohydria, GERD, obstruction, acute diarrhea, acute cholelithiasis

Intx: increased gut motility = decreased absorption

94
Q

Humulus lupulus - strobile

A

A: hypnotic, phytoestrogen, bitter digestive stimulant, nervine

I: insomnia, digestive issues, estrogen issues, menopause

SE/T: none

CI: active PUD, gastritis, hyperchlohydria, GERD, obstruction, acute diarrhea, acute cholelithiasis

*long term usage in men can cause gynecomastia and low libido

Intx: increased gut motility = decreased absorption

95
Q

Hydrangea arborescens - root

A

A: anti-prostate, diuretic, anti-stones

I: prostatitis, BPH, urolithiasis, dysuria, cystitis, acute nephritis/pyelonephritis with CVA tenderness

SE/T: none

CI: None

Intx: None

96
Q

Hydrastis canadensis - root

A

A: bitter digestive stimulant, antimicrobial, immune modulation

I: all digestive complaints that need stimulation
*any infx + cancer

SE/T: none

CI: active PUD, gastritis, hyperchlohydria, GERD, obstruction, acute diarrhea, acute cholelithiasis, hepatitis

Pregnancy (3rd trimester) and long term

Intx: may interfere with tetracycline and high doses may interfere with B vitamin metabolism

97
Q

Hyoscyamus niger - leaf

A

A/I: blocks acetylcholine receptors = SNS reaction = decreased pain and spasms in urinary tract, IC

SE/T: tachycardia, hyperventilation, sleepiness, hallucinations, dysphagia, convulsions, coma, death

*SHORT TERM AND LOW DOSE - most oxic of any anticholingeric herb

CI: BPH or other causes of urinary retention, tachycardia, arrhythmias, closed-angel glaucoma, pulmonary edema, GI stenosis, megacolon

P/L/Kids

Intx: potentiates anticholinergics - TCA, amantadine, quinidine, phenothiazine, antipsychotic, antagonizes cisapride

98
Q

Inula helenium - root

A

A: anti-parasitic, mixed relaxing and stimulating expectorant

I: asthma, COPD, cough, URTI, intestinal parasites

SE/T/CI: avoid VO topically

Intx: PA can interfere with absorption avoid taking together

99
Q

Iris versicolor - root

A

A: cholagogue and choleretic, anti-rheumatic

I: biliary issues: insufficiency, dyskinesia
*skin dz
*liver issues: hepatitis
*OA, RA, myalgas

SE/T: *low dose herb, and avoid chronic usage because can be lethal at high doses

**safe at therapeutic dosages for short term*

CI: active PUD, gastritis, hyperchlohydria, GERD, obstruction, acute diarrhea, acute cholelithiasis, hepatitis, cholecystitis

P/L/kids

Intx: None

100
Q

Juglans nigra - fruit

A

A: anti-parasitic

I: parasites

SE/T: contains juglone = carcinogenic?

CI: pregnancy and long-term internal usage

Intx: None

101
Q

Juniper communis - fruit

A

A: aromatic digestive stimulant, AM, Anti-rheum

I: all things that need GI stimulation
*UTI infx and other infx
*OA/RA/myalgias

SE/T: None

CI: major liver disease, over large broken skin

Pregnancy and long-term in large dosages

Intx: None

102
Q

Larrea tridentata - leaf/flower

A

A: anti-allergy, AM, AO, anticancer

I: allergies, HSV topically, infx, Allergic rhinitis

SE/T: None

CI: ??

Intx: None

103
Q

Leonurus cardiaca - leaf

A

A: anti-arrthymic, bitter digestive stimulant, uterine tonic

I: PMS and meno sx
*all things that require digestive stimulant

SE/T: None

CI: active PUD, gastritis, hyperchlohydria, GERD, obstruction, acute diarrhea, acute cholelithiasis, hepatitis, cholecystitis

Intx: None

104
Q

Leptandra virginica - root

A

A/I: bitter digestive stimulant and hepatotonic

SE/T: None

CI: active PUD, gastritis, hyperchlohydria, GERD, obstruction, acute diarrhea, acute cholelithiasis, hepatitis, cholecystitis

Intx: increased gut motility = decreased absorption

105
Q

Ligusticum porteria - root

A

A: AM, stimulates immune system, inhibits platelet aggregation

I: infx, angina

SE/T: None

CI: allergy to herb

Intx: interaction with warfarin

106
Q

Ligustrum lucidum - fruit

A

A: immunomodulating

I: infx and cancer

SE/T: None

CI: None

Intx: May interfere with immunosuppressive drugs

107
Q

Linus usitatissimum - seed/oil

A

A: demulcent, antithrombotic, emollient, laxative

I: constipation, GI irritation, hormone balancing
*catarrh, cough, bronchitis

SE/T: Cyanogenic glycoside can be toxic

CI: None

Intx: Aromatase inhibitors, 5 alpha reductase inhibitors, potentates anticoagulants

108
Q

Lobelia inflata - leaf/flower/seed

A

A: stimulating expectorant d/t piperidine alkaloid, spasmolytic, parturificient

I: wet/spasmodic cough, asthma, URTI, induces labor

SE/T: OD = respiratory depression - LOW DOSE HERB

CI: dry cough, builemia, infants

P/L

Intx: None

109
Q

Lomatium dissectum - root

A

A/I: anti-viral

SE/T: measles - like itchy rash

CI: high doses of unprocessed herbs

Intx: None

110
Q

Lycopus virginicus - leaf

A

A: Suppresses thyroid and gonadotropin production and relaxing

I: hyperthyroidism

SE/T: hypothyroidism, infertility, hormone imbalance d/t multiple suppressive effects on pituitary and thyroid but its all theoretical

CI: infertility, desire to become pregnant

P/L/K

Intx: may potentiate antithyroid drugs - methimazole and propylthiouracil

111
Q

matricaria recutita - flower

A

I: skin conditions, wounds, N/V, colic, gas, gastritis, IBD, SM smasms, insomnia, anxiety, fever, etc.

SE/T: toxicity at high doses of VO

CI: high fever

Intx: increased gut motility = decreased absorption

112
Q

Medicago sativa - leaf

A

A: phytoestrogen

I: endometriosis, estrogen issues, infertility, menopause

SE/T/CI: spoiled sprouts can cause lupus-like syndrome

Intx: None

113
Q

Melaleuca alternifolia - oil

A

A: anti-fungal and antimicrobial

I: dermatophytosis, onchymycosis, acne, thrus, staph skin infx

SE/T: skin irritation but generally safe topically

*****internal usage = neurotoxic = AVOID

CI: large broken skin, dermatitis, internal usage

Intx: None

114
Q

Melissa officinalis - leaf

A

A: anti-thyroid/HSV, spasmolytic, hypnotic, nervine

I: hyperthyroidism, herpes, anxiety, insomnia, dyspepsia, IBS, colic, gas

SE/T: None

CI: hypothyroidism and GERD

Intx: None

115
Q

Mentha piperita - leaf

A

A: carminative, spasmolytic, anti-emetic

I: cholelithiasis, colic, dyspepsia, N/V, smooth muscle spasms
*OA, RA, S/S

SE/T: internal VO can be neurotoxic = avoid internally

CI: GERD, G6PD def, high dosage VO

Intx: None

116
Q

Mitchella repens - leaf

A

A: parturifacient, uterine tonic, emmenagogue

I: dysmenorrhea, infertility, fibroids, menorrhagic, facilitates and stimulates labor

SE/T: None

CI: EARLY pregnancy, SAFE in late pregnancy

Intx: None

117
Q

Momordica charantia - fruit

A

A: bitter digestive stimulant, anti-parasitic, anti-diabetic, changes inflam/immunity

I: all things GI stimulating
*DM, parasisits, HIV/AIDS, dry cough

SE/T: None but theoretic concern of hypoglycmia

CI: gastritis, hyperchlohydria, GERD, obstruction, acute diarrhea, acute cholelithiasis, hepatitis, cholecystitis

wet cough

Intx: increased gut motility = decreased absorption

118
Q

Olea europaea - leaf

A

A/I: HTN, viral infx, gut hypotonicity, bitter digestive stimulant

SE/T: None

CI: hyperactive gut

Intx: None

119
Q

Panax ginseng and quinquefolius - root

A

A/I: modulates immunity, antidiabetic, phytoestrogen

SE/T: None

CI: may exacerbate AI dz

Pregnancy

Intx: may interfere with immunosuppressive drugs

120
Q

Verbena officinalis - leaf

A

A: balances the pituitary gland and nervine, stimulates digestion

I: all things menstruation and ovulation, lactation, low progesterone
*all things that require GI stimulation

SE/T: None

CI: active PUD, gastritis, hyperchlorhydria, GERD, obstruction, acute diarrhea, acute cholelithiasis, hepatitis, cholecystitis

Intx: None

121
Q

Verbascum thapsus - flower/leaf/root

A

A: Demulcent and relaxing expectorant

I: OM, asthma, bronchitis, COPD, cough

SE/T: None

CI: None

Intx: None

122
Q

Vitex agnus-castus - fruit

A

A: balances pituitary - increases LH, decreases FSH, galactagogue, emmenagogue

I: menstrual issues, lactation issues, low progesterone

SE/T: None

CI: Pregnancy and Impotence

*high doses can be anaphrodisiac

Intx: None

123
Q

Capsicum frutescens - fruit/topical

A

A: stimulates substanced P production = decreases pain and inflammation

I: OA, RA, diabetic neuropathy, pruritis

SE/T: avoid in eyes and mucus membranes - can cause burning

CI: application to eyes or mucus membranes

Intx: None

124
Q

Capsicum frutescens - fruit/internal

A

A: aromatic digestive stimulant, carminative, anti-catarrhal, spasmolytic, anti-platelet

I: all things that require GI stimulation
*hypercoagul states and atherosclerosis
*infections

SE/T: generally safe but OD = severe burning, abdominal pain and vomiting

CI: active PUD, gastritis, hyperchlohydria, GERD, obstruction, acute diarrhea, acute cholelithiasis, bleeding d/o, cholecystitis

Intx: can potentiate anticoagulants - warfarin, aspirin, heparin, etc

125
Q

Cassia angustifolia - leaf/fruit

A

A: directly stimulates BM

I: use short term for atonic constipation

SE/T: internal = abdominal cramps and colic, harmless red urine and feces
Pseudomelanosis coli
toxicity can occur if over 10 days, recurrent usage can cause electrolyte imbalances, dehydration, muscle and kidney destruction with hematuria and albumineria

Can also provoke reflex contraction in uterus if taking when pregnant which can lead to miscarriage

CI: usage for more than 10 days, bulimia, obstruction, children under 12 yo

Pregnancy - SAFE WITH LACTATION

Intx: decreased TT = changes of absorption
*avoid taking with drugs that cause hypokalemia or have SE at same time - cardiac glycosides, diuretics, antiarrthymics, corticosteroids

126
Q

Caulophyllum thalictroides

A

A: uterine tonic and facilitates labor

I: menstrual issues, infertility issues
*facilitates labor and delivery

SE/T: HTN

CI: early pregnancy

Intx: None

127
Q

Ceanothus americanus - root

A

A: protects and restores the liver and lymphatic system

I: hepatitis, fatty liver, enlarged spleen, lymphadenopathy

SE/T: None

CI: None

Intx: None

128
Q

Centella asiatica - whole herb

A

A: vulnerary, antifibrotic, inhibits scar formation

I: varicosities and hemorrhoids, hypertrophic scars, wounds, ulcers

SE/T: None

CI: None

Intx: None

129
Q

Chamaelirium luteum - root

A

A: uterine tonic

I: all things menstrual, menopause, estrogenic, miscarriage, fibroids, etc.

SE/T: None

CI: early pregnancy

Intx: None

130
Q

Chelidonium majus - leaf

A

A: choleretic and cholagogue

I: biliary insufficiency and prevents gallstones

SE/T: None

CI: biliary obstruction, hepatic failure, acute diarrhea, acute cholithiasis, acute hepatitis, acute cholecystitis

P/L

Dried plant: only fresh is active

Intx: None

131
Q

Chionanthus virginicus - bark

A

A: cholagogue, laxative, anti-emetic

I: liver and GB dysfunction, biliary insufficiency, GB stones, constipation

SE/T: None

CI: biliary obstruction

Intx: None

132
Q

Cineraria maritima - leaf

A

A/I: anti-cataract if applied topically ONLY

SE/T: hepatotoxic if internal usage

CI: internal usage d/t pyrrolizidine alkaloids

Intx: avoid with other hepatotoxic drugs

133
Q

Cinnamomum zeylanicum - bark

A

A: aromatic digestive stimulant, anti-diabetic, styptic

I: GI stimulation, hemorrhage, menorrhagic, metrorrhagic, diarrhea (tannins)

SE/T: high dosages of VO = convulsions, pulmonary edema, liver damage

**tannins can interfere with absorption of herbs and meds - TAKE APART

CI: gastritis, hyperchlohydria, GERD, obstruction, acute diarrhea, acute cholelithiasis

Intx: tannins may reduce absorption so avoid in combo

134
Q

Coleus forskihlii - root

A

A/I: HTN, allergies, asthma, hypothyroidism, glaucoma, dilated cardiomyopathy (activates adenylate cyclase)

SE/T: None

CI: caution with active PUD

Intx: may potentiate warfarin and digoxin

135
Q

Commiphora molmol - resin

A

A: AM, AO

I: infectious vaginitis and other infx

SE/T: None

CI: None

Intx: May interfere with absorption of lipophilic drugs

136
Q

Commiphora mukul - gum/resin

A

A: hypolipidemic

I: elevated LDL, hyperlipidemia, hypothyroidism

SE/T: None

CI: IBD, hyperthyroidism, coagulation d/t, P/L

Intx: propranolol and diltiazem

137
Q

Convallaria majalis - leaf

A

A: positive inotropic, negative chronotropic, vasoconstricts
*milder than digitalis

I: CHF and arrhythmias

SE/T: yellow-green halos, bradycardia, arrythmias but generally no SE at therapeutic dosages

OD = wider therapeutic window than digitalis but OD can still be lethal

antidote: potassium

CI: hypokalemia/magnesemia, hyper or hypocalcemia, ventricular arrhythmias, kidney failure, severe carditis

P/L

Intx: Many - just avoid altogether

138
Q

Cordyceps sinensis - caps/mycelium

A

A: bronchodilators, anticancer, antibiotic

I: acute infx, anemia, protects bone marrow, fatigue, asthma

SE/T: None

CI: None

Intx: None

139
Q

Corydalis spp. - rhizome

A

A: STRONG analgesic, hypnotic, sedative

I: pain management because works on CNS (dysmenorrhea)
* protects against ulcers forming from aspirin

SE/T: None

CI: Pregnancy

Intx: Potientiates barbiturates

140
Q

Crataegus spp. - leaf/flower/fruit

A

A: anti-atherosclerotic, antiHTN, positive inotropic, negative chronotropic

I: CHF, angina, arrhtyhmia, capillary fragility, HTN (mild)

SE/T: None

CI: none

Intx: tannins may reduce absorption of drugs so avoid taking together

141
Q

Curcuma longa - rhizome

A

A: protects liver and modulates inflammation

I: prevents gallstones, hepatitis, cancer, IBS
*any inflammatory conditions

SE/T: None

CI: none

Intx: None

142
Q

Cynara scolymus - leaf

A

A/I: hyperlipidemia, dyslipidemia, and any dz that needs digestive stimulation

SE/T: None

CI: active PUD, gastritis, hyperchlohydria, GERD, obstruction, acute diarrhea, acute cholelithiasis

Intx: increased gut motility = decreased absorption of drugs

143
Q

Arctostaphylos uva-ursi - leaf

A

A: urinary anti-septic

I: bacterial lower UTI

SE/T: Uva ursi + cranberry + vitamin C = CI

avoid chronic usage beacuse can be toxic and OD = delirium, convulsions, collapse, death

CI: Pregnancy and usage for more than 10 days

Intx: None

144
Q

arnica montana - flower

A

A: vulnerary and anodyne

I: topical: bruises, S/S, small wounds and ulcers

SE/T: NS issues, tachy/bradycardia, HTN, dyspnea, collapse, death, cardiac damage - if internal

CI: large areas of broken skin, internal usage of large doses

P/L

Intx: None

145
Q

Artemisia absinthum - leaf

A

A: bitter, carminative, antibug and worm, antidepressant

I: use if need GI stimulation, depression, and worms

SE/T: abortion, severe diarrhea, urinary retention, stupor, convulsions, paralysis, death from VO

CI: internal large doses due to thujone, active peptic ulcers, gastritis, hypochlor, GERD, obstruction, etc.

Intx: None

146
Q

Artemisia annua - leaf

A

A: antiparasitic and anticancer

I: malaria, parasites, cancer

SE/T: generally safe but high dosages of VO = neurotoxic

CI: None

Intx: None

147
Q

Artemisia vulgaria - leaf

A

A: bitter, stimulant, nervine

I: depression, amenorrhea, and any GI dz that needs stimulation

SE/T: None but has thujone as VO

CI: active PUD, gastritis, hyperchlohydria, GERD, obstruction, acute diarrhea, acute cholelithiasis, hepatitis, cholecystitis

P/L

Allergy to Asteraceae family

Intx: None

148
Q

Asclepias tuberosa - root

A

A/I: infx and congestion of upper respiratory tract

SE/T: None

CI: Pregnancy

Intx: Cardiac glycosides in herb potentiate activity of cardiac glycosides in other plants

149
Q

Aspidosperma quebracho - bark

A

A/I: stimulating expectorant for a WET cough

SE/T: high dose = N/V

CI: dry cough

P/L/infants

Intx: None

150
Q

Astragalus membranaceus - root

A

A: modulates immune system

I: infections in general, cancer, AI dz

SE/T: None

CI: may exacerbate AI dz

Intx: None

151
Q

Atropa belladonna - leaf/root

A

A/I: spasmolytic for all SM spasms

anodyne for pain, PMS, dysmenorrhea

secretolytic: esophageal reflux, PUD, hyperchlorhydria

Other: PD, tremors

SE/T: mydriasis, tachycardia, hyperventilation, confusion, hallucinations, dysphagia, coma, death

SHORT TERM AND LOW DOSE

CI: BPH or other causes of urinary retention, tachycardia, arrhythmias, closed-angel glaucoma, pulmonary edema, GI stenosis, megacolon

P/L/Kids

Intx: potentiates anticholinergics - TCAs, amantadine, quindine, phenothiazine, antipsychotics

antagonizes cisapride

152
Q

Avena sativa - seed

A

A: anxiolytic, nervine, very nutritions and hypolipidemia

I: anxiety, high lipids, OP

SE/T: None

CI: None

Intx: None

153
Q

Bacopa monierri - aerial

A

A: nootropic, nervine, and neutroprotective, thyroid stimulating

I: memory, concentration, ADHD, Alzheimers, hypothyroidism

SE/T: None

CI: Saponins can aggrevate GERD

Intx: phenytoin - may decrease mental fog when taken together

154
Q

Baptisia tinctoria - root

A

A/I: infections ingeneral

SE/T: tachypnea, tachycardia, respiratory paralysis

CI: long-term and high dosage

P/L

Intx: None

155
Q

Berberis aquifolium - root

A

A: bitter digestive stimulant

I: modulates inflam for skin dz and acne
infx - any

SE/T: None

CI: active PUD, gastritis, hyperchlohydria, GERD, obstruction, acute diarrhea, acute cholelithiasis, hepatitis, cholecystitis

P/L

Intx: increased gut motility = decreased absorption

156
Q

Berberis vulgaris - root

A

A: AM, cholagogue, choleretic, antiparasitic, bitter tonic

I: dz that needs GI stimulation
*H pylori infx and other infx
*hepatitis, liver dz

SE/T: None

CI: active PUD, gastritis, hyperchlohydria, GERD, obstruction, acute diarrhea, acute cholelithiasis, hepatitis, cholecystitis, dz with hyperbilirubin

P/L

Intx: potentiates barbiturates

157
Q

Boswellia serrata - resin

A

A: modulates inflammation

I: asthma, UC, OA, RA, etc.

SE/T: None

CI: None

Intx: None

158
Q

Bryonia spp. - root

A

A: anodyne, sedative, modulates immunity

I: pain, pleurisy, infx, ovarian cysts

SE/T: weak pulse, hypothermia, pupil dilation, delirium/dizziness

CI: P/L

Intx: None

159
Q

Calendula officinalis - flower

A

A/I: dermatitis, wounds, skin ulcers, prostatitis, gingivitis

SE/T: None

CI: none

Intx: None

160
Q

Camellia sinensis - leaf

A

A: anti-tumor, AM, stimulant, diuretic, anti-obesity

I: prevents cancer, infx, weight loss, GI stimulation with black tea

SE/T: insomnia, tremors, aggitation d/t caffeine, hepatitis

CI: Children, beriberi, thiamine deficiency

Pregnancy

Intx: reduces iron absorption (add lemon to tea to counter act this)

warfarin, MAOIS, adenosine, clozapine, barbiturates, benzos, Beta blockers, lithium, aspirin, OCPs, phenytoin, MTX

161
Q

Cannabis sativa - aerial/seeds

A

A: Analgesic, sedative, anti-emetic, hypotensive

I: cancer, HTN, pain management, anxiety, depression, neuropathy, glaucoma, N/V

SE/T: paranoia, anxiety, panic, decreased LH/FSH, infertility, impaired judgment, diminished REM sleep

CI: may decrease sex hormones, FHx schizophrenia, prolonged inhalation, driving within 8 hours

P/L

Intx: potentiates alcohol, opiates, barbiturates

162
Q

Capsella bursa-pastoris - leaf

A

A: styptic

I: bleeding d/o

SE/T: None

CI: major bleeding cause its not effective

Intx: may interfere with anticoagulants

Jessica: NPLEX 2 Botanicals (7 decks)

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