Botanicals (1-30) Flashcards
Achillea millefolium - yarrow
A: bitter digestive stimulant
- styptic
- vulnerary
- diaphoretic
I: wounds, ulcers, AUB, stimulates digestive everything
SE/T: Mild - nausea
CI: active ulcers, gastritis, hyPERchlorhydria, GERD, obstruction, acute diarrhea, acute cholelithiasis, high fever
Intx: increased gut motility = decreased absorption
Aconite nappelus - root
A: anodyne, antineuralgic
I: pain, TG neuralgia
SE/T: N/V, miosis, hypotension, chest pain, v.fib, dyspnea
highly toxic with internal usage, OD = lethal
*narrow therapeutic window = LOW DOSE HERB
CI: P/L
Intx: None
Actea (Cimicifuga) racemosa - root
A: tones uterus, serotoneric, facilitates labor, spasmolytic, nervine, anti-rheum
I: menstrual issues (dysmenorrhea, PMS), fertility issues, OA, RA, depression
SE/T: Rare - extreme OD = severe sx
CI: early pregnancy
Intx: None
Aesculus hippocastanum - fruit
A: venotonic, modulates inflammation
I: bruises (topical), edems, veins issues, fragile capillaries - varicose veins, etc
SE/T: nausea and unprocessed fruit is highly toxic, IM = hepatitis and renal failure
CI: high doses
Intx: None
Allium cepa and saticum - bulb
A: anti-atherosclerotic, decreases lipids, antiplatelet, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anti - H.pylori/worms
I: hyperlipidemia, dyslipidemia, stroke prevention, angina, DM,
*worms/parasites/bugs, dermatophytosis, onchymycosis, warts, infectious vaginitis, OM
SE/T: bad breath and body odor, bleeding at excess dosages
**toxicity due to antiplatelet activity
CI: bleeding diathesis, with concomitant anticoagulants, thyroid dz, garlic allergy
Intx: potentiates antiplatelets and insulin and hypoglycemics
Aloe vera - gel
A: modulates inflammation/immuno, vulnerary and demulcent
I (topical): burns, skin ulcers, wounds
I (internal): gastritis, IBD, PUD, IC
SE/T: Safe
CI: 3rd degree burns, deep and infected wounds
Intx: None
Aloe vera - latex
A: directly stimulates bowel movements
I: short term usage for atonic constipation when other serious ddx are ruled out
SE/T: internal = abdominal cramps and colic, harmless red urine and feces
Pseudomelanosis coli
toxicity can occur if over 10 days, recurrent usage can cause electrolyte imbalances, dehydration, muscle and kidney destruction with hematuria and albumineria
Can also provoke reflex contraction in uterus if taking when pregnant which can lead to miscarriage
CI: more than 10 days, bulimia, obstruction, spastic constipation, abdominal pain of unknown origin, less than 12 yo
P/L
Intx: dramatic reduction in TT = interfering with absorption of many drugs
*dont combine with drugs that cause hypokalemia or have SE in one sitting
Althaea officinalis - leaf/root
A: GI/lungs/Urinary demulcent
I: gastritis, PUD, IC, lower UTI, cough, bronchitis, etc
SE/T: None
CI: wet cough
Intx: None
Angelica sinensis - root
A: uterine tonic and can cause antiplatelet effects
I: amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, endometriosis, hyper AND hypoestrogen, menopause, PMS, etc.
SE/T: safe but antiplatelet effects can occur
CI: menorrhagia, bleeding d/o
Inx: caution with anticoagulants
Arctium lappa - root
A: bitter digestive stimulant and protects the liver
I: all conditions to speed up GI digestion
SE/T: Safe
CI: active ulcers, gastritis, hyPERchlorhydria, GERD, obstruction, acute diarrhea, acute cholelithiasis, high fever
Intx: increased gut motility = decreased absorption
Withania somnifera - root
A: modulates immunity and is relaxing
I: aphrodisiac - stress, infc, AI dz, anxiety
SE/T: None
CI: Pregnancy and may worsen AI dz
Intx: may interfere with immunosuppresive drugs
Valerian officinalis - root
A: hypnotic, anxiolytic, nervine, anodyne
I: SM spasms, insomnia, anxiety
SE/T: Daytime sedation
CI: None
Intx: None
Veratrum viride and album - root
A: anti-hypertension
I: HTN - NO LONGER USED CAUSE TOOOOOOO TOXIC and very narrow therapeutic window
Passiflora incarnata - leaf
A: hypnotic, anxiolytic, nervine
I: insomnia, anxiety
SE/T: few cases of pancreatitis
CI: None
Intx: None
Pausinystalia yohimbe - bark
A: alpha 2 - adrenergic antagonist
I: ED, depression, narcolepsy
SE/T: induction of insomnia, anxiety, HTN, nervousness, dizziness
- CNS effects of alpha blockers (anxiety)
CI: because is anxiogenic - panic attacks, PTSD, CAD, severe edema, PUD, renal dz
P/L
Intx: could interfere with alpha adrenergic agonist drugs and phenytoin (anticonvulsant)
Phytolacca americana - root
A: lympathic tonic and anti-rheumatic
I: lymphadenopathy, cysts, mastitis, myalgia, OA, RA
SE/T: None at therapeutic dosages but lectins can cause systemic toxicity
CI: P/L
*ok for short term mastitis
*LOW DOSE HERB
Intx: None
Piper methysticum - root
A: anxiolytic, anodyne, nervine, spasmolytic
I: anxiety, IC
SE/T: None usually but discontinue if you see signs of liver damage
CI: combo with anti-psychotic meds and long-term usage of high dosage
Intx: None
Piscidia erythrina - bark
A: anodyne, spasmolytic, sedative, nervine
I: myalgia, neuralgia, HA, insomnia
SE/T: Overdose can cause depressed consciousness, convulsions, respiratory depression, HR and death - LOW DOSE HERB
CI: Pregnancy
Intx: None
Plantago spp. - leaf
C: GI/lung/urinary demulcent and vulnerary
I: gastritis, PUD, IC, lower UTI, etc.
*dermatitis, wounds, skin ulcers
SE/T: None
CI: Wet Cough
Intx: PA interfere with absorption of drugs simultaneously
Podophyllum peltatum - root
A: anti-cancer, anti-HPV, cholagogue
I: cancer and warts
SE: extremely toxic if crude herb - no longer used clinically as crude herb. internal OD - tachycardia, hypotension, unconsciousness, death
CI: fresh root, internal usage, P - teratogenic and fetocidal/L
Intx: None
Prunus serotina - bark
A/I: relaxing expectorant for spasmodic cough
SE/T: None
CI: None
Intx: None
Prunus africanum - bark
A/I: inhibits 5a reductase so will correct the prostate in BPH
safe but environmentally threatened so use serenoa instead
SE/T: None
Intx: None
Pulsatilla vulgaris - leaf/flower
A: anodyne (painkiller), sedative, nervine
I: menstrual stuff: PMS, Pain, cramps
*insomnia b/c sedative herb
SE/T: serious SE: arrthymias, hypothermia, paralysis, convulsion, stupor
CI: P/L
Intx: None
Quercus spp - bark
A: astringent, styptic, AI, antiseptic
I (internal): IBD, diarrhea, dysentery
I (external): varicosities, fissures, wounds, vaginal prolapse, post partum uterine bleeding
SE: avoid internal high dosage and long-term
- iron deficiency anemial and malabsorption
CI: HF, large area of skin damage, full baths
Intx: may reduce GI absorption drugs
Rauwolfia serpentina - root
A: depletes catecholamine vesicles in CNS = systemic VASODILATION, anti-psychotic, antiarrythmic
I: HTN
SE/T: Therapeutic dosages: stuffy nose, loose stool, edema
Toxic dosages: bradycardia, depression, parkinsons, drowsiness d/t severe catecholamine depression - LOW DOSE HERB
CI: depression, PD, hyperPRL, active PUD, UC
Pregnancy (can use when essential)
Intx: thiazide diuretics, MAOIs, TCA, adrenergic agonists
if taken with digoxin or quinidine = may cause arrthymias
Rhamnus frangula - bark
A: directly stimulates BM
I: short-term usage for atonic constipation when no other shit works
SE/T: internal = abdominal cramps and colic, harmless red urine and feces
Pseudomelanosis coli
toxicity can occur if over 10 days, recurrent usage can cause electrolyte imbalances, dehydration, muscle and kidney destruction with hematuria and albumineria
Can also provoke reflex contraction in uterus if taking when pregnant which can lead to miscarriage
CI: use less than 10 days, bulimia, obstruction, undx ab pain, kids under 12 yo
Intx: decreased TT = changes of absorption
*avoid taking with drugs that cause hypokalemia or have SE at same time
P and L(?)
Rhodiola rosea - herb
A: adaptogen, antidepressant
I: stress, decreased immune system, cancer, depression
SE/T: None
CI: None
Intx: immunosuppressive agents
Ricinus communis - topical oil
A: anodyne, modulates inflam, stimulates labor
I: menstrual pain, stimulates labor if placed on the os
SE/T: None
CI: application over broken skin
Intx: None
Ricinus communis - internal oil
A: directly stimulates BM, emetic and facilitates labor
I: short term usage of atonic constipation, post-date labor
SE/T: internal = abdominal cramps and colic, harmless red urine and feces
Pseudomelanosis coli
toxicity can occur if over 10 days, recurrent usage can cause electrolyte imbalances, dehydration, muscle and kidney destruction with hematuria and albumineria
Can also provoke reflex contraction in uterus if taking when pregnant which can lead to miscarriage
CI: use less than 10 days, bulimia, obstruction, undx ab pain, kids under 12 yo
Intx: decreased TT = changes of absorption
*Avoid taking drugs that cause hypokalemia or have SE at the same time - cardiac glycosides, diuretics, antiarrhythmics, corticosteroids
Rosmarinus officinalis - leaf
A: antimicrobial, stimulates circulation, nootropic, counterirritant if topical
I: hypotension, poor memory, dementia, URTI, bronchitis, liver detoxification
*topical: myalgia, arthalgis, S/S
SE/T: Internal OD of VO can cause neurotoxicity and even death
CI: Pregnancy - internally (volatile oil)
Intx: None
