BORDETELLA!!! MICROM 442 Deck 16

Question 1

1. B. pertussis
2. B. parapertussis
3. B. bronchiseptica
4. B. holmesii
5. B. hinzii (rarest)

Answer 1

Five human pathogenic species

Question 2

clinical diagnosis sometimes complicated because?

Answer 2

Overlapping clinical pictures for B. pertussis & B. parapertussis

Question 3

gram negative and what shapes??

Answer 3

cocobacilli

Question 4

what type of aerobe?

Answer 4

strict -> makes sense they like the lungs :)

Question 5

what color pigment does parapertussis have?

Answer 5

brown

Question 6

all of these are non-motile except?

Answer 6

B. bronchiseptica

Question 7

Regan-Lowe, Bordet-Gengou, Stainer-Scholte

Answer 7

– Colonies: Small, shiny, round, domed, silvery (on RL)
– On BG slight hemolysis

Question 8

these are encapsulated but also they do not produce?

Answer 8

spores

Question 9

Recall CFUs decrease over time because

Answer 9

fastidious

Question 10

oxidase positive or negative?

Answer 10

positive

Question 11

exceptions

Answer 11

– B. bronchispetica is motile
– B. parapertussis has brown pigment
– B. bronchiseptica & rare Bordetella spp can grow on MacConkeys

Question 12

who are resevoirs?

Answer 12

Adults, adolescents & older children = reservoir

Question 13

Dz in unimmunized (too young, no immune system)

Answer 13

– esp < 1 yr
– < 6 mos most at risk

Question 14

Clinical Pertussis Sx

Answer 14

> Prolonged cough
Distinct whoop, infants
CFU #’s decrease over time
Lymphocytosis
Infectious ~3 wks
– Most non-infx by 4 wks
– 90% non-infx by 5wks
Lower respiratory tract, large airway dz

Question 15

what distinct shape does pertussis have?

Answer 15

CLUB

Question 16

what are the phases of the dz?

Answer 16

catarrhal -> convulsive (intensity of coughing) -> convalescence

Question 17

when is it best to take a sample?

Answer 17

during the catarrhal bc that when the bactiera are in large numbers because the antibody receptors ahven’t started

Question 18

Filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) -> virulence & adherence

Answer 18

> Fimbriae
Pertactin

Question 19

Toxins

Answer 19

– Adenylate Cyclase Toxin
– Pertussis Toxin
– Tracheal cytotoxin

Question 20

Laboratory Detection

Answer 20

> Culture
PCR
Serology

Question 21

when you would culture?

Answer 21

early, the CFUs tend to fall overtime

Question 22

PCR is done later in the dz because?

Answer 22

a. organism-specific assays more sensitive than broad-range
bacterial assays for that target only
b. multi-target, low-complexity panels “box & ship” to labs

Question 23

serology can be helpful two weeks of symptoms bc

Answer 23

examine for antibodies (probably?)

Question 24

clinical presentations

Answer 24

1. Prolonged cough, runny nose (both contribute to spread)
2. Whoop in infants
3. Rare complications à bronchopneumonia and encephalopathy
4. Increased lymphocytes

Question 25

increased lymphocytes is surprising/different bc???

Answer 25

they typically move from the circulating pool into the tissues

Question 26

pertussis can also cause???

Answer 26

kennel cough & other infx

Question 27

Kennel Cough

Answer 27

1. Zoonotic disease milder than whooping cough 2. Animal workers & immunocompromised most at risk 3. Can progress to severe pneumoniae, but rare

Question 28

Other infections via pertussis

Answer 28

Rare, B. holmesii can cause both pertussis-like illness AND blood stream infections

Question 29

pathogenesis -> toxins -> pertussis toxin (AB subunit)

Answer 29

End result -> disrupts immune cell function in multiple ways

Question 30

mechanism of pertussis toxin

Answer 30

Toxin secreted form cyotosol to IM/PP/OM -> host cell retrograde trafficking after binging to golgi -> golgi to cell surface -> at cell-surface subunit cleaved and ADP-ribosylates GPCRs -> signaling shut down bc can no longer convert GDP to GTP -> shuts down cAMP signaling and leaves high concentration

Question 31

what is a key vaccine component?

Answer 31

Pertussis toxin

Question 32

binds to a complement receptor -> forms pores in cell -> cations pour in and lyse cells -> n-terminal AC domain converts ATP to cAMP

Answer 32

Adenylate cyclase (AC) toxin mechanism

Question 33

different results from the AC toxin

Answer 33

i. In macrophages, loss of reactive nitrogen species (nitric oxide, NO) ii. In neutrophils, loss of reactive oxygen species (ROS

Question 34

Tracheal toxin (TCT)

Answer 34

Cytotoxin for airway epithelial cells: poisons cilia & stops ciliary movement/bronchociliary ladder

Question 35

FHA

Answer 35

Type I pilus; extremely long polymer of Fim protein subunits; anchored in OM

Question 36

Macrolides treatment

Answer 36

– Erythromycin for infants – Weight-based dosing – Fixed dosing adolescents & adults

Question 37

Respiratory distress ->

Answer 37

intubation & ventilation

Question 38

Minimal utility:

Answer 38

– Inhaled corticosteroids, anti-pertussis Ig, inhaled beta blockade