Books

Question 1

Roles are made up of

Answer 1

Practices.

The Social Animal by W. G. Runciman

Question 2

Units of reciprocal behavior informed by mutual recognition of shared intentions and beliefs

Answer 2

Practices

Question 3

Three kinds of behavior
(which help explain why people are doing what they are doing in roles they are occupying and performing).

Answer 3

Evoked, acquired, and imposed

Question 4

What type of behavior is this in a baseball example?
Spectators react to the stimulus of the players hitting a moving ball.

Answer 4

Evoked behavior

Question 5

What type of behavior is this in a baseball example?
The idioms, styles, and fashions in baseball.

Answer 5

Acquired behavior

Question 6

What type of behavior is this in a baseball example?
Contracts of employment are conducted in accordance with institutional rules which are not of the players’ own making.

Answer 6

Imposed behavior

Question 7

At the biological level, the objects of selection (natural selection, i.e. changes in patterns of evoked behaviors) are

Answer 7

genes

Question 8

At the cultural level, the objects of selection (cultural evolution, i.e. changes in patterns of acquired social behavior) that spread and replicate are

Answer 8

‘memes’ (or traits or bundles of instructions, features of the environment)

Question 9

At the social level, the objects of selection are

Answer 9

units of reciprocal action, i.e. the practices which define the respective roles

Question 10

As organisms, we are machines for replicating the

Answer 10

Genes in our bodies.

Question 11

As organisms with minds, we are machines for replicating the

Answer 11

traits in our cultures.

Question 12

As organisms with minds occupying and performing roles, we are machines for replicating

Answer 12

the practices which define those roles and the groups, communities, institutions and societies constituted by them.

Question 13

Three types of power

Answer 13

Economic, ideological, and coercive

Question 14

There ways of distributing and exercising power

Answer 14

Economic - production
Ideological - persuasion
Coercive - coercion

Question 15

Economic power

Answer 15

Your role enables you either to endow me with, or deprive me of, wealth or income in money, services, or goods

Question 16

Ideological power

Answer 16

Your role enables you either to bestow on me, or take away from me, social esteem, honor, or prestige

Question 17

Coercive power

Answer 17

Your role enables you either to bring to bear on me, or protect me from, the exercise of physical force

Question 18

(Study 19) Power

Answer 18

The ability to organize effort through coordinated action

Question 19

(Study 19) Social power

Answer 19

The ability to organize and coordinate the efforts of others in order to accomplish specific results and consequences. People who wield superior power in any society are those who are able, through sanction or inducement, to influence large numbers of people (groups) to act in ways they might otherwise not.