Book 1 Shorter, Chapter 1, Set 2 Flashcards
By when had modern humans settled New Guinea? (page 29)
About 40,000 YA.
When did modern humans colonize the Pacific beyond Australia and New Guinea and what made the colonization possible? (page 29)
Sometime after 1000 BCE, outrigger canoes were invented and open-water navigation techniques were developed, allowing people with domesticated animals and root crops to make the lengthy voyages to lands beyond Australia and New Guinea.
By when had the first humans entered Alaska and thus first reached the Americas? (page 29)
At least 15,000 YA.
When did hunting and gathering stop being the only way of life? (page 30)
Around 12,000 YA.
When did bows and arrows first appear and by when had they come into widespread use? (page 31)
They first appeared during the late Ice Age and came into widespread use by 10,000 BCE.
Who were the first hominins to bury their dead? (page 32)
The Neanderthals at least 60,000 YA.
When did modern conscious human thought emerge? (page 32)
About 50,000 YA.
What is the Neolithic period, when did it begin, and what is one of its key markers? (page 36)
It was the last part of the Stone Age period, beginning c. 10,000 BCE in the Middle East, c. 5500 BCE in central Europe, and 4500 BCE in northern Europe. The introduction of farming is one of the key markers of the Neolithic.
About what time did farmers in the Yangtze River Valley in southern China domesticate wild rice? (this was about the same time rice was domesticated along the Ganges River if India.) (page 36)
By at least 8,000 BCE.
When did farming first spread to Europe and from where? (page 37)
By about 6,000 BCE and from southeast Asia, expanding across the Mediterranean and then northward.
When were corn and beans first both domesticated in Central America? (page 37)
By 3500 BCE.
What plant was corn domesticated from? (page 37)
Teosinte, a wild grass native to Central America.
When was the first instance of copperworking? (page 42)
Around 8,000 YA.
What is copper smelting and around what time was it first discovered? What else happened for the first time around this period? (page 42)
Copper smelting is heating copper ore in a fire to melt out the copper. It was developed around 5,000 BCE. The first uses of silver and gold date to around this same time.
When did iron first come into use and where? (page 43)
It was first introduced around 1200 BCE in the Middle East.
