Book #1, Chapter #13, Grammar, Set #1

Question 1

How do you use the subjunctive with expressions of emotion?

Answer 1

When the main clause of a sentence expresses an emotion or feeling, the subjunctive is required in the subordinate clause.

Examples:
A) Nos alegramos de que te gusten las flores. (We are happy that you like the flowers.)

B) Temo que Ana no pueda ir mañana con nosotros. (I’m afraid that Ana won’t be able to go with us tomorrow.)

Question 2

List some common verbs and expressions of emotion.

Answer 2

alegrarse (de) (to be happy)
esperar (to hope; to wish)
gustar (to like)
molestar (to bother)
sentir (e:ie) (to be sorry; to regret)
sorprender (to surprise)
temer (to be afraid)
tener miedo (de) (to be afraid (of))
es extraño (it's strange)
es una làstima (it's a shame)
es ridìculo (it's ridiculous)
es terrible (it's terrible)
es triste (it's sad)
ojalà (que) (I hope (that), I wish (that))

Question 3

When do you use the infinitive with the subjunctive mood?

Answer 3

The infinitive is used after an expression of emotion when there is no change in subject.

Question 4

What is the rule about using the phrase “ojalà (que)”?

Answer 4

The phrase means “I hope (that)” or “I wish (that)”, and is always followed by the subjunctive. The use of “que” with this expression is optional.

Question 5

How do you use the subjunctive with expressions of doubt, disbelief, and denial?

Answer 5

The subjunctive is always used in a subordinate clause when there is a change of subject and the expression in the main clause implies negation or uncertainty.

Question 6

List some common expressions of doubt, disbelief, and denial.

Answer 6

dudar (to doubt)
negar (e:ie) (to deny)
no creer (not to believe)
no estar seguro/a (not to be sure)
no es cierto (it's not true; it's not certain)
no es seguro (it's not certain)
no es verdad (it's not true)
es imposible (it's impossible)
es improbable (it's improbable)
(no) es posible (it's (not) possible)
(no) es proable (it's (not) probable)

Question 7

What mood is used with expressions of certainty?

Answer 7

The indicative is used in a subordinate clause when there is no doubt or uncertainty in the main clause.

Question 8

List some expressions of certainty.

Answer 8

no dudar (not to doubt)
no cabe duda de (there is no doubt)
no hay duda de (there is no doubt)
no negar (i:ie) (not to deny)
creer (to believe)
estar seguro/a (to be sure)
es cierto (it's true; it's certain)
es seguro (it's certain)
es verdad (it's true)
es obvio (it's obvious)

Question 9

Which mood is used with the verb “creer”?

Answer 9

In affirmative sentences, the verb “creer” expresses belief or certainty and is followed by the indicative. In negative sentences, however, when doubt is implied, “creer” is followed by the subjunctive.

Question 10

Which mood is used with “quizàs” and “tal vez”?

Answer 10

These expressions are usually followed by the subjunctive because they imply doubt about something.

Question 11

When do you use the subjunctive with conjunctions?

Answer 11

With certain conjunctions, the subjunctive is used to express a hypothetical situation, uncertainty as to whether an action or event will take place, or a condition that may or may not be fulfilled.

A) Voy a dejar un recado en caso de que Gustavo me llame. (I’m going to leave a message in case Gustavo calls me.)

B) Voy al supermercado para que tengas algo de comer. (I’m going to the store so that you’ll have something to eat.)

Question 12

List conjunctions that require the subjunctive.

Answer 12

a menos que (unless)
antes (de) que (before)
con tal (de) que (provided that)
en caso (de) que (in case (that))
para que (so that)
sin que (without)

Question 13

What is the rule about the using infinitive with certain prepositions?

Answer 13

The infinitive, not “que + [subjunctive]” is used after the prepositions “antes de”, “para”, and “sin”. While you may use a present participle with the English equivalent of these phrases, in Spanish you cannot.

Question 14

What are the rules about using the subjunctive and indicative with the conjunctions “cuando”, “después de que”, “en cuanto”, “hasta que”, and “tan pronto que”.

Answer 14

With the conjunctions above, use the subjunctive in the subordinate clause if the main clause expresses a future action or command. Use the indicative in the subordinate clause when the verb in the main clause expresses an action that habitually happens or that happened in the past.

Question 15

How do you form the past participle with most verbs?

Answer 15

For -ar verbs, take the stem of the verb and add “-ado”. With -er and -ir verbs, take the stem and add “-ido”.

Question 16

How do you form the past participle of -er and -ir verbs whose stems end in -a, -e, or -o?

Answer 16

The past participles of these verbs have a written accent mark on the “i” of the “-ido” ending.