Bones of foot and ankle

Question 1

7 main bones

Answer 1

Tibia, fibula, talus, calcaneus, tarsal bones, metatarsals, phalanges

Question 2

membrane across tibia to fibula

Answer 2

interosseous membrane

Question 3

ridge that marks the posterior surface of the tibia

Answer 3

soleal line

Question 4

distal section of tibia that has a bony protuberance

Answer 4

medial malleolus

Question 5

lateral malleolus

Answer 5

formed from distal end of the fibula

Question 6

talus

Answer 6

-works with tibia to form ankle joint
-provides stability to joint during movement

Question 7

cartilage that covers talus

Answer 7

-hyaline cartilage covers 60% due to attachments to tibia, malleoli, calcaneus and navicular bones

Question 8

calcaneus

Answer 8

-heel bone, largest and strongest bone in the foot

Question 9

5 bones in the tarsal group

Answer 9

navicular, medial cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, lateral cuneiform, cuboid
-navicular and cuboid both larger and proximal (navicular medial to cuboid)

Question 10

metatarsals

Answer 10

-connect tarsals to phalanges
-5, each have a base (proximal), shaft, neck and head (distal)

Question 11

phalanges

Answer 11

-bones of the toe, connected to metatarsals
-toes 2-5 have 3 (prox, middle and distal)
-big toe (hallux) has 2

Question 12

big toe

Answer 12

hallux

Question 13

synovial hinge joint between tibia and talus

Answer 13

talocrural joint,
-main movement is plantar and dorsi flexion

Question 14

synovial plane joint formed between inferior surface of the talus and superior surface of calcaneus

Answer 14

subtalar joint
inversion and eversion

Question 15

2 tarsal joints

Answer 15

• talonavicular (between talus and navicular)
  -calcaneocuboid joint (calcaneus and cuboid
  assist plant and dorsi flexion and inversion and eversion

Question 16

tarsometatarsal joints

Answer 16

lisfranc joint

Question 17

3 main joints of the toe

Answer 17

-interphalangeal joints (proximal and distal)
-metatarsophalangeal joint

Question 18

3 ligaments in lateral ankle

Answer 18

-anterior talofibular ligament
-posterior talofibular ligament
-calcaneofibular ligament

Question 19

6 ligaments in medial ankle

Answer 19

-tibionavicular ligament (superficial layer)
-tibiospring ligament (superficial)
-tibiocalcaneal ligament (superficial)
-superficial posterior tibiotalar ligament (superficial)
-anterior tibiotalar ligament (deep)
-deep posterior tibiotalar ligament (deep)

Question 20

3 main arches in the foot

Answer 20

-anterior transverse
-lateral longitudinal
-medial longitudinal

Question 21

retinaculum (single)

Answer 21

-a band of fascia (connective tissue) that holds the long tendons of the foot and ankle in place

Question 22

4 section of retinacula (plural)

Answer 22

-superior extensor retinaculum
-inferior extensor
-peroneal retinaculum (superior and inferior)
-flexor retinaculum