Bones and Joints of the Thorax and Upper Limb Flashcards
The first 7 ribs are considered
True/vertebrocostal
Ribs 8-10 are considered ____, and attach to the costal cartilage of the rib above as their anterior articulation
False/vertebrochondral
Ribs 11 and 12 are ____ and do not have anterior articulations
Floating
The three parts of the sternum are
Manubrium, Body of Sternum, Xiphoid process
The manubrium has 3 notches- 1 to articulate with the ____ and two costal notches to articulate with ___
clavicle; 1st and 2nd rib
The manubriosternal joint is also called the ____, and the second rib articulates here
sternal angle
The body of the sternum has a joint connecting it to the xiphoid process and the joint is called
the xiphisternal joint
Ribs 1-10 develop from 4 ossification centers. The one primary center is ____; the three secondary ossification centers are for the ____, ______, and _____
the body of the rib; head, articular part of the tubercle, non-articular part of the tubercle
The joints joining the ribs and vertebrae are ____, which allows rotation of the head of the rib on the vertebral body as the ribs elevate or depress
Costovertebral joints are plane synovial
The heads of the ribs 1, 11, and 12 (maybe 10) articulate with ____
just the vertebrae of the same number
The heads of ribs 2-9 articulate with _____
the vertebrae of the same number and the vertebrae above
The joint between the tubercle of the rib and the costal facet of the transverse process of the same numbered vertebrae is considered a _____ joint; at the superior and middle joints (ribs 1-7) the movement that occurs is ____; at the inferior joints (ribs 8-10) the movement that occurs is ____ (when the ribs are elevated or depressed)
plane synovial; rotation; gliding
The costochondral joints, located between costal cartilages and anterior ends of ribs, are ____ joints which allow flexibility but ____
primary cartilaginous joints; no movement
The interchondral joints, located _____, are plane synovial joints which allow _____ movement
between costal cartilages; no movement
The first sternocostal joint is a ____ and allows ___ movement
primary cartilaginous joint; no movement
2nd-7th sternocostal joints are ____ joints and allow ____movement
plane synovial joints; no movement
The sternocostal joints join ____ and ____
costal cartilage of ribs to costal notches in sternum
The manubriosternal joint is a ___ joint between the manubrium and the body of the sternum; it allows ____ movement
secondary cartilaginous joint; no movement
the xiphisternal joint is a ____ joint between the body of the sternum and the xiphoid process; it allows ____ movement
primary cartilaginous joint; no movement
The clavicle is the only bony connection between the upper arm and thorax; it connects these with the _____ and ____ joints
acromioclavicular joint (joins the clavicle and acromion of the scapula) and the sternoclavicular joint (joints the sternum and the clavicle)
The clavicle ossifies with _____ ossification; its primary centers are medial and lateral, and its secondary center is at the sternal end
intramembranous ossification
This is a saddle synovial joint with an articular disk, but it functions as a ball-and-socket joint. It allows flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumflexion, and rotation the upper arm
Sternoclavicular joint (the sternal end of the clavicle and the clavicular notch of the manubrium)
This is a plane synovial joint with an articular disk that allows slight gliding between the clavicle and scapula
Acromioclavicular joint (acromial end of clavicle and acromion process of scapula)
This ligament forms the joint capsule of the sternoclavicular joint
sternoclavicular ligament
This ligament forms the joint capsule of the acromioclavicular joint
acromioclavicular ligament
This ligament stretches from the coracoid process of the scapula to the acromion process of the scapula
Coracoacromial ligament
The coraco-clavicular ligament has two parts: ___ from the trapezoid line of the clavicle to the coracoid process of the scapula, and ____ from the conoid tubercle of clavicle to coracoid process of the scapula
Trapezoid ligament; Conoid ligament
This ligament attaches the impression of the clavicle to the costal cartilage of the first rib
Costoclavicular ligament
This ligament attaches from the sternal end of the clavicle on top of the manubrium and across to the sternal end of the other clavicle
Interclavicular ligament
The supraglenoid tubercle is the attachment for the long head of the
biceps
The infraglenoid tubercle is the attachment for the long head of the
triceps
The scapula has 1 primary ossification center for the ___; it has secondary centers: 2 for ____, 2 for ____, 1 for the ___angle, 1 for the ___border, and 1 for the ___fossa
body; acromion process, corocoid process, inferior angle, medial border, glenoid fossa
The primary ossification center for the humerus is ___; the 7 secondary ossification centers are for the ___, ____, _____, _____, _____, _____, ______
body; head, greater tubercle, lesser tubercle, lateral epicondyle, medial epicondyle, capitulum, trochlea
This is a ball-and-socket joint that allows flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, medial rotation of the shoulder, and lateral rotation of the shoulder
Glenohumeral joint
There are 3 ligaments of the glenohumeral joint:
Coracohumeral ligament, transverse humeral ligament, coracoacromial ligament
The ____ attaches at the coracoid process of the scapula and the greater tubercle of the humerus
coracohumeral ligament
The ____ attaches from the greater to lesser tubercle of the humerus, on top of the long head tendon
transverse humeral ligament
The ____ attaches from the acromion process of the scapula to the coracoid process of the scapula
Coracoacromial ligament
These ligaments reinforce the anterior part of the joint capsule and attach from the edge of the glenoid fossa to the anatomical neck of the humerus
Glenohumeral ligaments
The head of the radius is on the ____end of the wrist, whereas the head of the ulna is at the ____end of the wrist
proximal; distal
This joint is a hinge synovial joint between the capitulum of the humerus and fovea of the radial head, and the trochlea of the humerus and the trochlear notch of the ulna; it allows extension and flexion
Elbow joint
The elbow joint has 2 ligaments; the first is between the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and the anular ligament of the radius, called the ____; the second is between the medial epicondyle of the humerus and the coronoid and olecranon process of the ulna, called the ___
radial collateral ligament; ulnar collateral ligament
This is a pivot synovial joint between the head of the radius and the radial notch of the ulna which allows supination and pronation
Proximal radio-ulnar joint
This is a fibrous joint between the interosseous borders of the radius and ulna; it also allows supination and pronation
Radio-ulnar syndesmosis
This a pivot synovial joint between the head of the ulna and the ulnar notch of the radius, and allows supination and pronation
Distal radio-ulnar joint
The primary center of ossification for the ulna is for the___, and the two secondary centers are for the ___ and ____
body; end of the olecranon process and head
The primary center of ossification for the radius is for the ____, and the two secondary centers are for the ____ and ____
body; head and distal end
The bones of the wrist are called the carpals; starting from bottom lateral the carpals in order are
Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrem, pisiform, (lateral proximal)
trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate (lateral distal)
This is a condyloid synovial joint between the distal end of the radius and the scaphoid and lunate; movement at this joint includes flexion and extension, abduction and adduction (also known as radial deviation and ulnar deviation), and circumduction. THERE IS NO ROTATION
Radiocarpal joint
Present on the posterior wrist, this prevents bowing out of the extensor muscle tendons
Extensor retinaculum
This ligament is on the proximal wrist on the flexor side
Palmar carpal ligament
This forms the roof of the carpal tunnel at the base of the hand and also prevents bowing of the flexor muscle tendons
Flexor retinaculum
What runs through the carpal tunnel? (4)
Median n., tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus, tendon of flexor pollicis longus
The radial and ulnar collateral ligaments are present at both the ___ and ___ joints
Elbow and wrist
These joints are plane synovial joints between the carpal bones that allow slight gliding during wrist movements
Intercarpal joints
These joints are between the proximal and distal rows of the carpals and allow gliding with wrist movements
Midcarpal joints
These are plane synovial joints in digits 2-5 between the distal row of carpal bones and the bases of the metacarpals
Carpometacarpal joints
This is a saddle synovial joint in digit 1 between the carpals and the first metacarpal
Carpometacarpal joint
The CMC joint of digit one allows ___ movement
flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, and opposition
The CMC joint of digits 2 and 3 allows ____ movement
no real movement
The CMC joint of digits 4 and 5 allows ___ movement
slight gliding with opposition and reposition
These are plane synovial joints between the bases of the metacarpals, allowing slight gliding between the 1st and 2nd metacarpals and the 4th and 5th, but not a lot of movement between the others
Intermetacarpal joints
These are condyloid synovial joints between the heads of metacarpals and bases of proximal phalanges, allowing flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, and circumduction
Metacarpophalangeal joints
These are hinge synovial joints between the base of 1 phalanx and the head of the inferior phalanx and allow only flexion and extension
Interphalangeal joints
Each carpal ossifies from __ center; each metacarpal ossifies from ___ centers; each phalanx ossifies from ___ centers
one; two; two
For the metacarpals, the primary center is for each metacarpal body and the secondary centers are for each ___ in digits 2-5 and for the ___ in digit 1
metacarpal head; metacarpal base
For the phalanges, the primary center is for each phalanx body, and the secondary center is for each phalanx ___
base
