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MSK SOH > Bone problems > Flashcards

Bone problems Flashcards

1
Q

Osteoporosis - definition

A

Progressive skeletal disease characterised by low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue

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2
Q

Osteoporosis - who gets it

A

Over 50

More common in females (due to post-menopause)

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3
Q

Osteoporosis - pathology

A

Increase in resorption over formation of bone which ultimately leads to bone loss
There are large spaces and breaks in the microscopic architecture of bone

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4
Q

Osteoporosis - risk factors

A 
Obesity 
Female gender 
Genetics 
FH
Hx fractures 
IBD 
Coeliac disease 
Drugs (steroids) 
Hyperthyroidism
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5
Q

Osteoporosis - who to assess

A

Anyone over 50 with risk factors

Anyone below 50 with STRONG risk factors

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6
Q

Osteoporosis - clinical features

A

Asymptomatic without fractures

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7
Q

Osteoporosis - common fracture sites

A

NOF
Vertebral body
Distal radius
Humeral neck

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8
Q

Osteoporosis - investigations

A 
DEXA scan - measures bone mineral density to predict fracture risk 
U+E
Calcium level 
FBC
LFT
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9
Q

Osteoporosis - Management

A 
Treat pts with BMD <2.5 standard deviations of young adult mean (this is found from DEXA scan) 
Lifestyle advice 
Calcium and Vit D supplements 
Bisphosphonates 
Zoledronic acid 
Denosumab
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10
Q

Osteoporosis - when not to give calcium supplements

A

Don’t give within 2 hours of oral bisphosphonates

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11
Q

Osteoporosis - bisphosphonates

A

eg: Aledronate, risedronate

Anti-resorptive agents (slow the breakdown of bone by affecting the osteoclast population) which prevents bone loss

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12
Q

Pagets disease - definition

A

Abnormal osteoclast activity followed by increased osteoblast activity
Increased fracture risk, reduced strength

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13
Q

Pagets disease - who gets it

A

Incidence increases with age

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14
Q

Pagets disease - common affected areas

A

Long bones
Pelvis
Lumbar spine
Skull

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15
Q

Pagets disease - clinical features

A 
Bone pain 
Deformity 
Deafness
Headaches 
Curved tibia
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16
Q

Pagets disease - investigations

A

X-rays
Increased alk phase
Isotope bone scan

17
Q

Pagets disease - management

A

Analgesia

Bisphosphonates

18
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecta - definition

A

Brittle bone disease

19
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecta - who gets it

A

Picked up in children

20
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecta - cause

A

Mutation of type I collagen genes resulting in either a lack of collagen or an abnormality of collagen

21
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecta - genetics

A

Autosomal dominant

22
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecta - clinical features

A 
Blue/slate grey sclera 
Abnormal teeth development 
Multiple childhood fractures 
Short stature 
Loss of hearing
23
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecta - bone pathology

A

Osteopenia

24
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecta - management

A

No cure
Fracture fixation
Bisphosphonates

MSK SOH (24 decks)

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