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Anatomy > Bone Physiology > Flashcards

Bone Physiology Flashcards

0
Q

Bone cavity

A

Medullary cavity

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1
Q

Long bone ends

A

Epiphysis

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2
Q

Bone-forming cell

A

Osteoblasts

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3
Q

Precedes bone tissue on a long bone

A

Hyaline cartilage

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4
Q

Canals deep into the bone

A

Perforating and central

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5
Q

Tightly packed bone

A

Compact bone

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6
Q

Bone shaft

A

Diaphysis

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7
Q

Isolated bone cell

A

Osteocyte

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8
Q

Spongy bone

A

Cancellous bone

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9
Q

Tiny channels that radiate through the bone matrix

A

Canculicli

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10
Q

Outer covering of bone

A

Periosteum

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11
Q

Bone unit

A

Osteon

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12
Q

Chambers around each bone cell

A

Progenitor

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13
Q

Bone-eroding cell

A

Osteoclast

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14
Q

Bone matrix composed of this

A

Hydroxyapatite

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15
Q

Covering at ends of long bone

A

Hyaline cart

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16
Q

Lining of marrow cavity

A

Endosteum

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17
Q

Rings within a single bone unit

A

Concentric

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18
Q

Rings between bone units

A

Interstitial

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19
Q

Area of bone growth

A

Epiphyseal plate

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20
Q

Clast

A

Breakdowns

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21
Q

Blast

A

Makes

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22
Q

Cyte

A

Maintains

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23
Q

Hydroxyapatite

A

Ground substance in bone

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24
Q

Osteoid

A

G.s with calcium

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25
Q

Primary ossification center location

A

Diaphysis

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26
Q

2ndary ossification center

A

Ends of the bone

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27
Q

Remodeling

A

Restructuring

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28
Q

Osteolysis

A

Bone destroying

29
Q

Osteogenesis

A

Bone making

30
Q

Myosotis ossification a

A

Skeletal muscle turns to bone

31
Q

Acromegaly

A

G.H. Released after puberty stops

32
Q

Osteomalacia

A

Tickets, lack of vitamin D and calcium in diet

33
Q

Osteogenesis imperfectca

A

Your collagen is not bundled and their in chaos. Fragile bones

34
Q

Marian’s syndrome

A

Extra wide epi plates

35
Q

Achondroplasia

A

Slow growth of epidural cartilage

36
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Deals with estrogen

37
Q

Why don’t toddlers break more bones, given the fact that they are falling constantly?

A

They still have growth plate

38
Q

Why does applying a heavy plaster cast help a bone to heal faster

A

Applying weight to the bone stimulates calcium release

39
Q

Increased fibroblast activity

A

Scurvy

40
Q

Decreased chondroblast activity

A

Osteoarthritis

41
Q

Increased hormone levels

A

Gigantism

42
Q

Decreased hormone levels

A

Pituitary dwarf

43
Q

Osteoporgenitor

A

Leg river mesenchymal cell that hang around your Skelton

44
Q

Where are the osteoprogenitors located

A

Periosteum endosteum

45
Q

Osteoblast

A

Actively makes fibers and matrix

46
Q

Osteoid

A

Organics before calcium deposits

47
Q

Osteocytes

A

Mature bone and maintains matrix, monitoring protein and mineral content. Cannot divide.

48
Q

What space so osteocytes occupy

A

Lacunae

49
Q

Progenitor divides

A

Lamellae

50
Q

Canaliculi

A

Tiny extensions of cytoplasm that are used as passage ways to get nutrients from the central canal to the cells

51
Q

Osteoclast

A

Breaks down bone matrix

52
Q

Osteolysis

A

Acids and enzymes dissolve bone matrix

53
Q

Central canal

A

Capillary and venuele, parallel to bone surface

54
Q

Perforating canal

A

Perpendicular to bone surface, feeds marrow and deep osteocytes

55
Q

Lamellae

A

Matrix layer

56
Q

3 varties of lamellae

A

Concentric
Interstitial
Circumferential

57
Q

Cancellous bone

A

No patrons instead has trabeculae

58
Q

Outer fibrous layer-

A

dense irregular c.t., some of the collagen fibers weave into the bone itself, sharpeys fibers

59
Q

Inner cellular later

A

Elastic fibers and osteoclasts

60
Q

Periosteum functions

A

Isolated bone from whatever’s around it
provides an easy route for vessels and nerves
Important in growth and repair

61
Q

Endosteum

A

Lines marrow cavity and lines canal, covers trabeculae, matrix exposed

62
Q

Intramembranous ossification

A

Bone from mesenchymal makes dermal bones

63
Q

Dermal bones

A

Flat bones of skull, mandjble, clavicle, plus

64
Q

Ectopic/heterotrophic bones

A

Form in areas of high tension

65
Q

Endochondral O

A

Bone from cartilage. More common

66
Q

Appositional growth

A

Width matrix layers added to outside of bone shaft

67
Q

Interstitial

A

Length, Epiphyseal plate at metaphysics made of cartilage

68
Q

What happens when bone growth outpaced cartilage growth?

A

The Epiphyseal plate turns into the Epiphyseal line, no more interstitial growth can occur

69
Q

Excessive effects on bone

A

Weight bearing excercjses causes muscles and tendons to grow in size

70
Q

Parathyroid hormone

A

Increase osteoclasts activity

Elevates calcium levels in body fluids

71
Q

Calcitonin

A

Decreased osteoclasts activity, reduces calcium in the body

Anatomy (17 decks)

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