Bone Physiology Flashcards
Bone cavity
Medullary cavity
Long bone ends
Epiphysis
Bone-forming cell
Osteoblasts
Precedes bone tissue on a long bone
Hyaline cartilage
Canals deep into the bone
Perforating and central
Tightly packed bone
Compact bone
Bone shaft
Diaphysis
Isolated bone cell
Osteocyte
Spongy bone
Cancellous bone
Tiny channels that radiate through the bone matrix
Canculicli
Outer covering of bone
Periosteum
Bone unit
Osteon
Chambers around each bone cell
Progenitor
Bone-eroding cell
Osteoclast
Bone matrix composed of this
Hydroxyapatite
Covering at ends of long bone
Hyaline cart
Lining of marrow cavity
Endosteum
Rings within a single bone unit
Concentric
Rings between bone units
Interstitial
Area of bone growth
Epiphyseal plate
Clast
Breakdowns
Blast
Makes
Cyte
Maintains
Hydroxyapatite
Ground substance in bone
Osteoid
G.s with calcium
Primary ossification center location
Diaphysis
2ndary ossification center
Ends of the bone
Remodeling
Restructuring
Osteolysis
Bone destroying
Osteogenesis
Bone making
Myosotis ossification a
Skeletal muscle turns to bone
Acromegaly
G.H. Released after puberty stops
Osteomalacia
Tickets, lack of vitamin D and calcium in diet
Osteogenesis imperfectca
Your collagen is not bundled and their in chaos. Fragile bones
Marian’s syndrome
Extra wide epi plates
Achondroplasia
Slow growth of epidural cartilage
Osteoporosis
Deals with estrogen
Why don’t toddlers break more bones, given the fact that they are falling constantly?
They still have growth plate
Why does applying a heavy plaster cast help a bone to heal faster
Applying weight to the bone stimulates calcium release
Increased fibroblast activity
Scurvy
Decreased chondroblast activity
Osteoarthritis
Increased hormone levels
Gigantism
Decreased hormone levels
Pituitary dwarf
Osteoporgenitor
Leg river mesenchymal cell that hang around your Skelton
Where are the osteoprogenitors located
Periosteum endosteum
Osteoblast
Actively makes fibers and matrix
Osteoid
Organics before calcium deposits
Osteocytes
Mature bone and maintains matrix, monitoring protein and mineral content. Cannot divide.
What space so osteocytes occupy
Lacunae
Progenitor divides
Lamellae
Canaliculi
Tiny extensions of cytoplasm that are used as passage ways to get nutrients from the central canal to the cells
Osteoclast
Breaks down bone matrix
Osteolysis
Acids and enzymes dissolve bone matrix
Central canal
Capillary and venuele, parallel to bone surface
Perforating canal
Perpendicular to bone surface, feeds marrow and deep osteocytes
Lamellae
Matrix layer
3 varties of lamellae
Concentric
Interstitial
Circumferential
Cancellous bone
No patrons instead has trabeculae
Outer fibrous layer-
dense irregular c.t., some of the collagen fibers weave into the bone itself, sharpeys fibers
Inner cellular later
Elastic fibers and osteoclasts
Periosteum functions
Isolated bone from whatever’s around it
provides an easy route for vessels and nerves
Important in growth and repair
Endosteum
Lines marrow cavity and lines canal, covers trabeculae, matrix exposed
Intramembranous ossification
Bone from mesenchymal makes dermal bones
Dermal bones
Flat bones of skull, mandjble, clavicle, plus
Ectopic/heterotrophic bones
Form in areas of high tension
Endochondral O
Bone from cartilage. More common
Appositional growth
Width matrix layers added to outside of bone shaft
Interstitial
Length, Epiphyseal plate at metaphysics made of cartilage
What happens when bone growth outpaced cartilage growth?
The Epiphyseal plate turns into the Epiphyseal line, no more interstitial growth can occur
Excessive effects on bone
Weight bearing excercjses causes muscles and tendons to grow in size
Parathyroid hormone
Increase osteoclasts activity
Elevates calcium levels in body fluids
Calcitonin
Decreased osteoclasts activity, reduces calcium in the body
