Bone Pathology

Question 1

Large head relative to limbs?

Answer 1

Achondroplasia

Question 2

Achondroplasia MOA?

Answer 2

FGFR3 actually inhibits chondrocyte proliferation

Question 3

Labs for Osteoporosis?

Answer 3

Normal bone mineralization and lab values (serum Ca2+ and PO43−)

Question 4

Osteopetrosis MOA?

Answer 4

Mutations CA 2 impair ability of osteoclast to generate acidic environment necessary for bone resorption

Question 5

Osteopetrosis associated with?

Answer 5

RTA2

Question 6

Osteoporosis Type is due to decreased?

Answer 6

Estrogen=>increased bone resorption

Question 7

Is BM Transplant for Osteopetrosis Curative?

Answer 7

Yes

Question 8

What is a potential consequence of Osteopetrosis?

Answer 8

Extramedullary Hematopoeisis

Question 9

Pigeon Breast, Frontal Bossing and Rachitic Rosary?

Answer 9

Rickets/Osteomalacia

Question 10

Ostemalacia MOA?

Answer 10

defective mineralization/calcification of osteoid

Question 11

Defective mineralization/calcification of osteoid Leads to Increased? Why?

Answer 11

Increased ALP (osteoblasts require alkaline environment).

Question 12

Localized disorder of Bone with Hat size can be increased?

Answer 12

Paget disease of bone

Question 13

With Paget disease of bone, everything is normal except what is elevated?

Answer 13

ALP

Question 14

2 Consequnces of Paget’s Disease of the bone?

Answer 14

high-output heart failure. Increased risk of osteogenic sarcoma

Question 15

Paget’s Disease of the bone Histology?

Answer 15

chaotic, mosaic pattern (lacy purple lines) of bone remodeling

Question 16

Avascular Necrosis can occur with 3 different causes, what are they?

Answer 16

ETOH, Sickle Cell Disease, Caissons, SLE

Question 17

Avascular Necrosis most commonly occurs in the?

Answer 17

Femoral Head

Question 18

Lab values for Osteoporosis?

Answer 18

Normal Labs

Question 19

Lab values for Osteopetrosis?

Answer 19

Normal Labs

Question 20

Lab values for Paget’s Disease of the Bone?

Answer 20

ALP

Question 21

Lab values for Osteomalacia?

Answer 21

Decreased Ca2+=>Increased PTH=>Decreased Phosphate and Increased ALP

Question 22

Lab values for HypervitaminD?

Answer 22

Increased Ca2+=>Decreased PTH=>Increased Phosphate

Question 23

Lab values for Primary Osteitis Fibrosis Cystica (Hyperparathyroidism)?

Answer 23

Increased PTH=>Increased Ca2+, Decreased Phosphate, Increased ALP

Question 24

Lab values for Secondary Osteitis Fibrosis Cystica (Hyperparathyroidism=>like nephrogenic diabetes inspidus)?

Answer 24

Increased PTH=> Increased ALP, No response by Kidney,=>Decreased Ca2+ and Increased Phosphate

Question 25

Paget disease of bone has what kind of pattern?

Answer 25

Mosaicism

Question 26

Benign Tumor on the Epiphyseal end of long bones?

Answer 26

Giant cell tumor/Osteoclastoma

Question 27

Giant cell tumor/Osteoclastoma on X-ray?

Answer 27

“Soap bubble” appearance on x-ray

Question 28

Most common benign tumor Bone Tumor?

Answer 28

Osteochondroma

Question 29

Osteochondroma is made of?

Answer 29

Chondroid

Question 30

2nd most common 1° malignant bone tumor (after multiple myeloma)?

Answer 30

Osteosarcoma

Question 31

Osteosarcoma what are 2 findings

Answer 31

Codman triangle (from elevation of periosteum) or sunburst pattern on x-ray.

Question 32

Osteosarcoma what are 3 risk factors

Answer 32

Paget disease of bone, radiation, familial retinoblastoma,

Question 33

Osteosarcoma Where does it occur?

Answer 33

Metaphysis of long bones,

Question 34

Associated with t(11;22) translocation causing fusion protein EWS-FLI 1

Answer 34

Ewing sarcoma

Question 35

Ewing sarcoma has what kind of bone reaction?

Answer 35

“Onion skin” periosteal reaction in bone.

Question 36

Ewing is of what origin?

Answer 36

Neuroectoderm

Question 37

Name 3 things about Osteoid Osteoma?

Answer 37

Surface of facial bones, Associ. With Gardener Syndrome and Arises in the Cortex

Question 38

Does Osteoid Osteoma respond to aspirin?

Answer 38

Yes

Question 39

Does Osteosarcoma respond to aspirin?

Answer 39

No

Question 40

Where is Osteosarcoma found?

Answer 40

Vertebrae and it is larger