bone pathology

Question 1

what is mechanotransduction and which cells exhibit this?

Answer 1

detection of the direction of stress through a bone. osteocytes

Question 2

how do osteocytes comminucate?

Answer 2

through their canaliculae (Like drinking through a straw!!!)

Question 3

/what is a simple/closed fracture

Answer 3

bone hasnt pierced skin

Question 4

what is a comminuted fracture?

Answer 4

bone smashed into many pieces

Question 5

what is a pathological fracture?

Answer 5

damage in which the underlying process is not trauma

Question 6

stress fracture?

Answer 6

small fractures from accumulated trauma

Question 7

stages of bone repair?

Answer 7

inflammation, reparative (soft and hard callus), remodelling.

Question 8

describe the imflammation stage of repair. give time frame

Answer 8

Haematoma formation (fibrin mesh creates framework, platelets and luekocytes release inflammatory cytokines, bone cells activated), then Granulation tissue formation. first few days

Question 9

describe the repartive stage of repair. give time frame

Answer 9

soft callus (cartliage formation. Holds fractured ends together.) days to weeks.
Hard callus - osteoid formation and ossification creates woven bone. Weeks to months

Question 10

describe the remodelling stage of repair. give time frame

Answer 10

woven bone to lamellar bone along lines of stress. months to years.

Question 11

what happens in bone repair if fracture ends are closely apposed

Answer 11

skips soft callus. decreased healing time

Question 12

3 ways for optimal bone healing

Answer 12

minimize gap, minimize strain or movement, minimize factors that slow healing

Question 13

what is osteonecrosis and when can this commonly occur?

Answer 13

fracture causes bone to become ischaemic. (NOF and scaphoid)

Question 14

what is osteoporosis. give 2 MOAs

Answer 14

decreased bone mass that increases likelihood of fracture.
Menopause - decreased estrogen & increase osteoclast
Aging - decease osteoblast