Arthritis Flashcards
3 main types of arthritis and an example from the lecture
Degenerative (osteoarthritis), Autoimmune (Rheumatoid) and Acute Inflammation (Gout)
which Arthritis is associated with morning stiffness?
Rheumatoid
pathology of Osteo A?
damage stimulates chondrocyte proliferation, Cytokines and enzymes> Unravelling of cartilage matrix> shedding of cartilage> bone on bone
hallmarks of Osteo A in an Xray
LOSS = Loss of joint space. Osteophytes. Subchondral cysts Sclerosis
Osteo A staining hallmarks?
fibrillations of cartilage, eburnation of bone
Clinical signs and symptoms of Osteo A
Signs: Reduced ROM, Creptius, Ostephytes.
Symptoms: Insidious onset, Pain (deep ache - worse after activity)
pathogenesis of R Arthritis
Unknown Stimulus> Thelper cells (1 & 17) release cytokines (IL-1,6,17 +TNFa)> induce ifbroblasts, macrophages, osteoclasts and b cells> Pannus (granulation like tissue) in joints
Morphology of RA (3)
villous hyperplasia, mononuclear infiltrate, germinal centre
morphology of a rheumatoid nodule
typical granulomatous inflammation. Central necrosis, surrounded by epithelioid macrophages then lymphocytes and fibrosis.
clinical signs and symptoms of RA?
Warm, swollen (doughy) joints, rheumatoid nodules, deformity or destruction of joints. Usually starts hands and feet. Eases with activity. Systemic: weight loss, fever, anaemia.
which joint is spared in RA
distal interphalangeal joint
Xray findings in RA (3)
thin bone around joint, uniform loss of joint space, subchondral erosion.
Risk factors for RA
genes and smoking
histology of a gouty tophus
granulomatous inflammation. Central urate deposits surrounded by epithelioid macrophages & MNG cells, fibrosis on outskirts
pathogenies of gout
build up of uric acid > crystal formation >Acute inflammation > IL-1, complement and neutrophil lysis (neutrophils phagocytosing the crystal)
