Bone Disease Flashcards
What is arthritis
Inflammation in joints
What is arthrosis?
Non-inflammatory joint disease
What is arthralgia?
Joint pain
How does calcium intake affect bone?
Low calcium intake leads to increased parathyroid hormone secretion
This increases bone loss and release of calcium from bone
Reduces renal calcium excretion
How does hypo and hyperparathyroid is cause low calcium?
Hypo = low PTH, so less calcium resorbed from bones, and less absorbed by gut, so low blood calcium
Hyper = high PTH so loss of calcium from bones leading to bone resorption
Both cause radiolucencies and reabsorption
What is primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism
Primary - issue with gland itself such as a tumour
Secondary - due to low serum calcium
How does low vitamin D affect calcium?
Vit D from sunlight produced in skin,
sent to blood where:
Processed by liver and kidney to produce 1,25 (OH)2D
- essential for calcium absorption in the GIT
What may cause someone to have vitamin D deficiency?
always inside so no sunlight - elderly or dark skinned in northern places
Poor GI absorption
- poor nutrition or small intestine disease
Drugs
- antiepileptic drugs such as carbamazepine
What is osteomalacia? Often the cause? Signs of it?
Normal bone formation but poorly calcified osteoid matrix
Called rickets during bone formation
Often caused by calcium I’m deficiency as serum calcium is preserved at expense of bone
Children - bow legged
Adults - spinal compression
Bones ache to touch
What is osteoporosis? What are the risk factors?
Reduced quantity of normally mineralised bone
- age
- Smoking and excess alcohol
- steroids or antiepilleptics
- oestrogen or testosterone deficiency (women lose oestrogen in menopause)
- Genetics - females
How is osteomalacia managed?
Increase sunlight exposure
Control GIT disease through better diet and dietary vitamin D
What are the effects of osteoporosis?
- increased risk of bone fracture
- height loss and scoliosis
- back pain due to nerve root compression in spine
How is osteoporosis managed?
build max peak bone pass
- exercise and nutrition of calcium
reduce rate of bone mass loss
- treat issues with parathyroid gland
- oestrogen replacement therapy
Bisphosphonates?
