Bonding and Structure

Question 1

What is covalent bonding

Answer 1

Sharing of outer electrons

Electrostatic attraction between the shared electrons and the positive nucleus

Question 2

Dative/Coordinate bonds meaning

Answer 2

ONE atom donates 2 electrons to an atom or ion

Question 3

Why do molecules have specific shape with specific angles

Answer 3

Bonds repel each other equally.

Bonds contain electrons so they will want to be as far as possible

Question 4

2 BP

0 LP

Answer 4

Linear

180 degrees

Question 5

3 BP

0 LP

Answer 5

Trigonal planar

120

Question 6

4 BP

0 LP

Answer 6

Tetrahedral

109.5

Question 7

5 BP

0 LP

Answer 7

Trigonal bipyramidal

90 degrees, 120 degrees (3D)

Question 8

6 BP

0 LP

Answer 8

Octahedral

90 degrees

Question 9

3 BP

1 LP

Answer 9

Trigonal pyramidal

107

Question 10

2 BP

2 LP

Answer 10

Bent

104.5

Question 11

3 BP

2 LP

Answer 11

Trigonal planar

120

Question 12

4 BP

2 LP

Answer 12

Square planar

90

Question 13

What is electronegativity

Answer 13

The ability for an atom to attract electrons towards itself in a covalent bond

Question 14

How can covalent bonds be polar

Answer 14

If the atoms attached to it has different electronegativity

Question 15

What bonds are non-polar

Answer 15

Hydrocarbons

Atoms bonded with the same or similar electronegativity

Question 16

What leads to polar molecules

Answer 16

Uneven distribution of charge eg H2O

Question 17

What happens during London forces

Answer 17

Occurs as electrons in a molecule or atom move from an end to another

Question 18

Example of induced dipole-dipole

Answer 18

Iodine, crystal structure

Question 19

What holds a London force structure

Answer 19

Weak induced dipole-dipole holds molecules

Stong covalent bonds hold the atoms

Question 20

What does a bigger molecule/atom mean for London forces

Answer 20

More induced

As there are larger electron clouds

Question 21

Why do branched hydrocarbons have lower BP

Answer 21

Can’t pack close together as close

Weakens the induced dipole-dipole forces between the chains.

Question 22

Where does permanent dipole-dipole occur

Answer 22

Interactions exist in molecules with a polarity

Weak electrostatic forces that exist between the molecules with polarity

Question 23

What is hydrogen bonding

Answer 23

Strongest intermolecular force that occurs when you have very electronegative elements
Bonds with lone pair on nitrogen, oxygen or fluorine

Question 24

What other bonds does hydrogen bonding have

Answer 24

Induced dipole-dipole

Permanent dipole-dipole

Question 25

Are giant ionic structures soluble in water

Answer 25

yes

Question 26

Are simple covalent soluble in water

Answer 26

Depends on polarity

Question 27

strongest to weakest of bonding

Answer 27

metallic, ionic, covalent

Question 28

what is stronger bonding or forces

Answer 28

bonding