alcohols Flashcards
Why are alcohols soluble
Interact with a hydrogen bond. Delta positive on the hydrogen of water attracted to the lone pair of electrons on neighbouring molecules
What to the solubility of alcohol as the chain increase
more insoluble
More carbon chains which are non-polar and reduces the interaction water can make with alcohol.
OH group makes up less of the chain
Alcohol volatility
less volatile
Contains hydrogen bonding
How do you make a haloalkane and the conditions
made from alcohol via a substitution reaction
alcohol reacted with halide ion
Need an acid catalyst
What does the dehydration of alcohol produce and the conditions needed
Alkenes
Use of acid catalyst - sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid
Why are alcohols good fuels and what colour flame is produced?
burns readily
light blue
What can primary alcohol oxidised make
aldehydes then carboxylic acid
What can secondary oxidised make
Ketone (oxygen in inner carbon)
What does tertiary alcohol oxidised make
nothing
What is used to oxidise alcohol
acidified potassium dichromate - mild oxidising agent
Goes from orange to green
Process of oxidation of alcohol
Distillation used to remove the aldehyde from the oxidising agent when it forms.
Then use reflux and excess oxidising agent to make carboxylic acid.
Why is reflux good for the oxidation of primary alcohols
Allows strong heating without losing volatile reactants and products. Aldehyde evaporates and condenses back into the flask.
How does distillation allow for a pure sample of aldehyde
Aldehyde has lower Bp than alcohol so boils off reaction first and can be collected
Why is a water bath used to heat alcohol
Flame cant be used as alcohol is flammable
Why are anti-bumping granules used
Used to give smooth and even boil
prevent large bubbles
