Bonding Flashcards
Valency
Is the combining power of an atom
Octect rule
Having 8 electrons in the outer shell gives an atom or ion stability
Ionic bonding
Ionic bonding is the result of the electron transfer.
Covalent bonds
Involve the sharing of pairs of electrons
Characteristics of ionic substances
- Crystal lattice.
- High melting and boiling points.
- Solids brittle
- Soluble
Activation energy
Minimum energy colliding particles must have in order to react.
What is energy level?
Shell which electrons of equal energy can occupy.
Define ionic bonding
Bonds formed by attraction of ionic charges resulting from the loss or gain of electrons.
Name four properties of an ionic compound.
- Crystal lattice
- High melting/ boiling point.
- Solids do not conduct.
- Solids brittle.
What is intramolecular bonding?
Forces within molecules covalent/ionic.
What is intermolecular bonding ?
Forces between molecules.
Ionic bonding
Ionic bonds between oppositely charged ions.
Name four properties of covalent compounds.
- Don’t conduct electricity.
- Low melting /boiling point.
- Usually insoluble.
- Made of individual molecules.
What are covalent bonds?
Bond formed by sharing of electrons.
Polar covalent bonding
Unequal sharing of electrons
Hydrogen bonding
Occurs when hyrdrogen is bonded with a more electronegative element
Difference between sigma and pi bonds
Sigma formed head on overlap/ pi formed sideways overlap // sigma involves more overlap
State two assumptions of kinetic theory
- Collisions are perfectly elastic
2. Average kinetic energy is proportaional to the kelvin temperature
Give two differences between chemical and nuclear reactions
Chemical reactions: no new chemical formed/ chemical bonds broken and formed
Nuclear reactions: a new element is formed/ no bond formation involved
Van der waals bonding
Electrons are moving randomly causing temporary charges on seperate ends of the molecule( weak force)
Two reasons why real gases deviate from ideal gases
- There are attractive/ repulsive forces.
2. Diameters of particles are not negligable compared to the distance between them
What are dipole dipole bonds?
Forces of attraction between the postive area of one molecule and the negative area of another( strong as dipoles are permamanet)
