Boek

Question 1

Organisation of societies

Answer 1

Traditional authority
Charismatic authority
Regional Legal authority

Question 2

rationality Weber

Answer 2

Formele rationaliteit is dominant in bureaucratische en kapitalistische systemen en richt zich op efficiëntie en berekening.
Substantieve rationaliteit houdt rekening met bredere morele en sociale consequenties.

Question 3

rationality theories

Answer 3

General -> medicine
Socio technical -> introducing new software
Contingency -> innovative company will have a flat structure (decentralized)

Question 4

Organisational design

Answer 4

Simple structure -> no differentiation
Functional structure -> group activities (related work)
Multidivisional structure (M-form) -> separate organisations (separate management team but reports to same headquarters)
Matrix structure -> combination of 2 and 3
Global matrix -> multinational structure

Question 5

crisis of red-tape

Answer 5

created by bureaucratic control mechanisms that codus extensively on formal rules and procedures and the impersonal manner makes the organization ineffective and distasteful to workers.

Question 6

structuration theory

Answer 6

Structuration refers to the process by which social structures are both shaped by individuals and shape individual actions at the same time.

*	We speak a language based on existing grammatical rules (structure), but by using and modifying words over time, we also reshape the language itself (human agency).

Question 7

Habitus and fields

Answer 7

Those who grew up in or were trained in a particular field (e.g., politics, academia, elite business networks) have an advantage because their habitus is already shaped to fit that field

A person from a wealthy background may instinctively know how to behave in high-class social settings, while someone from a different background may feel out of place.

Question 8

cybernetic control

Answer 8

Sales & Performance Management:
* A company tracks monthly sales targets for employees.
* If sales drop below expectations, managers provide additional training or adjust marketing strategies.

Google’s Search Algorithm:
* Google continuously monitors user engagement with search results.
* If users don’t find a result useful (low clicks, high bounce rates), Google adjusts the ranking algorithm.

Question 9

incremental second order change

Answer 9

in the company a department can completely rethink its
approach as to how it works with another department or unit.

Question 10

hegemony 3 steps

Answer 10

1) In a democratic country, citizens can vote and influence policies through elections.

2)In a company, executives decide which employee concerns are addressed, while workers have little say.

3)Workers defending billionaires by believing that taxing the rich is “bad for the economy.”

Question 11

3 types of mergers

Answer 11

extension mergers -> operate independently
collaborative merger -> cultures integrate
redesign merger -> de een neemt de ander over

Question 12

theory E

Answer 12

A struggling company fires its CEO, lays off 30% of employees, sells unprofitable divisions, and restructures to improve stock performance.

Question 13

Theory O

Answer 13

A tech company wants to improve innovation, so it trains employees, promotes teamwork, and encourages risk-taking.