Body wall (dave's notes)

Question 1

How is subcutaneous tissue over the dilatable part of the body wall further enclosed? Where does it fade out? What is its lower limit?

Answer 1

By an underlying condensation that allows tissue sliding. Known as scarpas fascia.This fades out beyond the mid-asillary lines and superiorly. Has continuations in the male perineum (collies) and is attached to the fascia lata along the skin creases of the thigh.

Question 2

What is the blood supply to the body wall of the thorax? via what route does it reach its destination?

Answer 2

Via the neruovascular plane between the middle and innermost layers, via a series of segmental arteries.

Question 3

Describe the venous drainage of the body wall.

Answer 3

Differs to arterial supply. Collects in an anastomosing network away from the umbilicus.

Question 4

What does body wall lymph drainage follow?

Answer 4

Superficially follows veins NOT arteries

Question 5

Where does lymph above the umbilicus drain to?

Answer 5

Anteriorly to pectoral nodes, posteriorly to scapular nodes

Question 6

Where does lymph from below the umbilicus drain to?

Answer 6

Anteriorly to the medial group of superficial inguinal nodes, from laterally and posteriorly to the lateral group of superficial inguinal nodes.

Question 7

What is the nerve supply to skin above the second rib?

Answer 7

Supraclavicular branches of the cervical plexus

Question 8

What is the anterior midline nerve supply?

Answer 8

Anterior cutaneous branches

Question 9

What the nerve supply to the lateral strip of skin? How do these nerves arise?

Answer 9

From lateral cutaneous nerves, which emerge from the midline with the anterior and posterior branches, passing obliquely and supplying right down to the buttock

Question 10

What is the nerve supply to the posterior strip of body wall skin?

Answer 10

The posterior rami of the spinal nerves. Medial fibres in the upper part, lateral fibres in the lower. ????

Question 11

What are body wall muscles derived from?

Answer 11

All are derived segmentally from the mesoderm

Question 12

What do the dorsal parts of the mesoderm become?

Answer 12

Erector spinae

Question 13

What do the anterior parts of the mesoderm become?

Answer 13

Three layers of anterior muscles

Question 14

List the muscles found in the outer layer of anterior muscles

Answer 14

External intercostals
Serratus posterior
External oblique
Scalenus posterior

Question 15

List the muscles found in the middle layer of anterior muscles.

Answer 15

Internal intercostals
Internal oblique
Scalenus medius

Question 16

List the muscles found in the inner layer of anterior muscles

Answer 16

Transversus thoraces group, transversus thoracis, subcostals, diaprhagmn, transversus abdominus, quadratus lumborum, levator ani

Question 17

What happens to the three layers of anterior muscles in the midline?

Answer 17

The layers fuse to form rectus abdominus, geniohyoid, the strap muscles and rectus sterna’s