Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bioscience > Body Systems and Epithelial Tissue > Flashcards

Body Systems and Epithelial Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Eleven body systems

A 
Muscular
Urinary
Reproductive
Digestive
Endocrine
Respiratory
Skeletal
Lymphatic
Integumentary
Nervous
Cardiovascular
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Muscular components

A

Muscles and tendons

Skeletal, smooth and cardiac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Urinary components

A

Kidneys
Ureters
Bladder
Urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Male reproductive components

A 
Penis
Testes
Ductus deferans
Seminal vesicle
Prostate
Epididymis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Female reproductive components

A 
Ovary
Vagina
Uterus
Uterine tube
Mammary gland
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Digestive components

A 
Salivary glands
Mouth
Pharynx
Oesophagus
Liver
Stomach
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Large intestine
Small intestine
Rectum
Anus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Endocrine components

A 
Hypothalamus
Pineal gland
Pituitary gland
Thyroid gland
Parathyroid gland
Adrenal gland
Pancreas
Testes/Ovaries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Respiratory components

A 
Pharynx
Larynx
Naval cavity
Oral cavity
Trachea
Bronchus
Lung
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Skeletal components

A

Bone
Cartilage
Joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Lymphatic/Immune components

A 
Pharyngeal tonsil
Palatine tonsil
Lingual tonsil
Thymus
Thoracic duct
Spleen
Lymph node
Lymphatic vessel
Red bone marrow
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Integumentary components

A

Hair
Skin + associated glands
Fingernails
Toenails

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Nervous components

A

Brain
Spinal cord
Nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cardiovascular components

A

Blood vessels
Vein
Heart
Artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Histology

A

The study of body tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Four basic tissue types

A

Muscle
Epithelial
Nervous
Connective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Tissue

A

A group of similar cells that function together to carry out a specialised function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Epithelial tissue description

A

Line the cavities and surfaces of blood vessels and organs
Separated from other tissues by a basement membrane
Contain nerves but not blood vessels
Covering and lining epithelia
Glandular epithelia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Function of epithelial tissue

A 
Protection
Secretion
Filtration
Absorption
Excretion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Muscle tissue description

A

Elongated cells called muscle fibres

Skeletal, cardiac and smooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Function of muscle tissue

A

Generates physical force required to make body structures move

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Connective tissue description

A

Composed of fibroblasts, adipocytes and the matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Function of connective tissue

A 
Protection
Support of body + organs
Binds organs together
Stores energy as fat
Transport
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Nervous tissue description

A

Consists of neurons and neuroglia

Neurons consist of dendrites and axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Function of nervous tissue

A

Detects change

Generates nerve impulses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Epithelial layers

A

Simple
Stratified
Pseudostratified

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Epithelial cell shapes

A

Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar
Transitional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Squamous cells

A

Flat and thin

Diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Cuboidal cells

A

About as tall as they are wide

Secretion and absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Columnar cells

A

More tall than wide

Secretion and absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Transitional cells

A

Change from flat to cuboidal

Stretching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Simple layers

A

Single layer of cells

Secretion, absorption and filtration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Stratified layers

A

Two or more layers of cells

Protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Pseudostratified layers

A

Appears to have more than one layer of cells due to nuclei position but all cells are in contact with the basement membrane and do not all reach the apical surface meaning only one layer exists
Secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Example of simple squamous epithelium

A

Blood vessel lining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Example of simple cuboidal epithelium

A

Kidney tubules

Ducts of glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Example of simple columnar epithelium

A

Gastrointestinal tract from stomach to anus (non-ciliated)

Parts of the upper respiratory tract (ciliated)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Example of stratified squamous epithelium

A

Oesophagus, mouth and vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Example of stratified cuboidal epithelium

A

Sweat, salivary and mammary glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Example of stratified columnar epithelium

A

Male urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Example of pseudostratified epithelium

A

Trachea and most of the upper respiratory tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Example of transitional epithelium

A

Bladder, urethra and ureters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Glandular epithelia description

A

Constitute secretory portion of glands

Consists of exocrine and endocrine glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Exocrine glands

A

Secretes substances into ducts or onto a surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Endocrine glands

A

Secretes substances into the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Example of exocrine gland

A

Sweat and salivary glands

46
Q

Example of endocrine gland

A

Pituitary gland

47
Q

Example of a gland that can be both endocrine and exocrine

A

Pancreas

48
Q

Six levels of structural organisation

A 
Chemical
Cellular
Tissue
Organ
System
Organism
49
Q

Cutaneous membrane functions

A

Skin - epidermis and dermis
Covers surface, protects deeper tissues, vitamin D production
Dermis feeds the epidermis and is responsible for strength and glands

50
Q

Hair follicle functions

A

Hairs - innervation provides sensation, also used for protection
Sebaceous glands - lubricated hair shaft and epidermis

51
Q

Sweat gland functions

A

Thermoregulation - evaporative cooling by sweat

Breast tissue is modified sweat gland

52
Q

Nail functions

A

Stiffen and protect digits

53
Q

Sensory receptor functions

A

Detect sensation - touch, pressure, temperature, pain

54
Q

Hypodermis functions

A

Fat stores - attaches skin to deeper layers

55
Q

Epidermis structure

A

Consists of a stratified squamous epithelium

56
Q

Dermis structure

A

Consists of papillary layer and reticular layer
Papillary layer of areolar tissue
Reticular layer of dense irregular connective tissue

57
Q

Skeletal muscle function

A 
Provide skeletal movement
Control entrance + exit to digestive, respiratory and urinary systems
Produce heat
Support skeleton
Protect soft tissues
58
Q

Axial muscle function

A

Provides support and positioning of the axial skeleton

59
Q

Appendicular muscle function

A

Supports and moves brace limbs

60
Q

Tendon and aponeuroses function

A

Translate contractile forces into tasks

61
Q

Seven components of the axial skeleton

A 
Skull
Vertebrae
Sacrum
Coccyx
Sternum
Supporting cartilage
Ligaments
62
Q

Axial skeleton function

A

Protects brain, spinal cord, sensory organs, soft tissue of the thorax
Supports body weight over lower limbs

63
Q

Appendicular skeleton function

A

Internal support and positioning of lower limbs

Supports and enables muscles to move the axial skeleton

64
Q

Red bone marrow function

A

Red blood cell prodcution

65
Q

Yellow bone marrow function

A

Fat cell storage

66
Q

CNS function

A

Control centre

Short term control over other systems

67
Q

Brain function

A

Complex integrative activities

Controls voluntary and involuntary movements

68
Q

Spinal cord function

A

Relays information to and from brain

Less complex integrative activities

69
Q

PNS function

A

Links CNS with other systems and sense organs

70
Q

Pineal gland function

A

Reproduction timing

Day/night rhythms

71
Q

Pituitary gland function

A

Controls many other endocrine glands
Regulates growth
Regulates fluid balance

72
Q

Thyroid gland function

A

Metabolic rate

Calcium levels

73
Q

Parathyroid gland function

A

Calcium levels

74
Q

Adrenal gland function

A

Water balance
Tissue metabolism
Cardiovascular and respiratory function
Produces adrenaline, cortisol, aldosterone

75
Q

Kidney function

A

Red blood cell production
Keeps blood pressure up
Calcium levels
Filtration

76
Q

Pancreas function

A

Glucose control

Secretes insulin and glucagon

77
Q

Gonad function

A

Sexual characteristics

Reproduction

78
Q

Lymphatic vessel function

A

Carry lymph fluid and lymphocytes from peripheral tissues to veins of cardiovascular system
Lipids from gut

79
Q

Lymph node function

A

Monitor composition of lymph
Defence by engulfing pathogens
Stimulates immune response

80
Q

Spleen function

A

Monitors circulation of blood cells
Engulfs pathogens
Recycles red blood cells
Stimulates immune response

81
Q

Thymus function

A

Controls development and maintenance of the T cell lymphocytes

82
Q

3 salivary glands

A

Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual

83
Q

Erythropoietin

A

Glycoprotein
Produced by interstitial fluid in kidneys
Starts erythropoiesis in bone marrow

84
Q

Erythropoiesis

A

Red blood cell production
Increased hemocytoblast activity causes increased RBC production which allows blood to have greater capacity for carrying oxygen

85
Q

Transportation of urine

A

Ureters –> bladder
Bladder –> urethra
Urethra –> exterior

86
Q

Sperm production

A 
Epididymis - sperm maturation
Ductus deferens - take sperm from epididymis to ejaculatory glands
Seminal glands - seminal fluid
Prostate gland - prostate fluid
Urethra - semen to exterior
87
Q

Stomach function

A

Secretes HCl and proteases
HCl kills bacteria and allows proteases to work
Proteases break down food
Peristalsis (stomach contractions) churn food
Left with chyme - partially digested food

88
Q

Duodenum function

A

Receives bile and pancreatic juice through pancreatic duct controlled by Sphincter of Oddi

89
Q

Jejunum function

A

Absorption of small nutrient particles previously digested in duodenum

90
Q

Ileum function

A

Absorbs vitamin B and bile salts

Leftover digestion products from jejunum

91
Q

Small intestine function

A

Digestive enzymes
Buffers and hormones
Main site of nutrient absorption

92
Q

Liver function

A

Secretes bile

Regulates blood nutrients

93
Q

Gallbladder

A

Concentrates bile

94
Q

Large intestine function

A

Waste storage and removal

95
Q

ACTH

A

Released from pituitary gland

Stimulates cortisol production from adrenal glands

96
Q

FSH + LH

A

Work together to ensure normal functioning of gonads

Menstrual cycles

97
Q

Prolactin

A

Breast milk production

98
Q

Oxytocin

A

Uterus contraction

Stimulates breast milk production

99
Q

ADH

A

Increases water absorption in blood via kidneys

100
Q

GH

A

via GHRH

Growth at certain life stages

101
Q

TSH

A

Stimulates thyroid gland to produce hormones

102
Q

Megakaryocyte

A

Platelet production - clotting cascade

103
Q

Non-ciliated simple columnar description

A

Single layer
No cilia
Microvilli at apical surface
Goblet cells

104
Q

Non-ciliated simple columnar examples

A

Lining of GI tract, gland ducts and gallbladder

105
Q

Non-ciliated simple columnar function

A

Secretion and absorption
Secretes mucus that lines digestive, respiratory and reproductive tracts and acidic gastric juices to prevent stomach lining degradation

106
Q

Ciliated simple columnar description and function

A

With cilia not microvilli
Cilia moves mucus and foreign particles to throat
Moves ovum along uterine tube

107
Q

Ciliated simple columnar examples

A

Lines bronchioles, uterine tubes and some paranasal sinuses

108
Q

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar

A

Lines airways

Secretes mucus to trap foreign particles and sweep away for expulsion

109
Q

Non-ciliated pseudostratified columnar

A

Lines large gland ducts, epididymis and part of male urethra

Absorption and secretion

110
Q

Keratinised stratified squamous

A

Superficial skin layer for protection
Cells are filled with keratin as they move to the surface of the skin and eventually die. Sleuthed off and replaced by newer cells from underneath.

Bioscience (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions