Body Systems

Question 1

Epimysium

Answer 1

Fibrous connective tissue surrounding more than 430 skeletal muscles

Question 2

tendon

Answer 2

connects muscle to bone

Question 3

Fasciculi

Answer 3

grouped muscle fibers located under the epimysium

Question 4

Perimysium

Answer 4

connective tissue surrounding the fasciculus

Question 5

Endomysium

Answer 5

connective tissue surrounding an individual muscle fiber

Question 6

Sarcolemma

Answer 6

encircles and is contiguous with the endomysium. also called the fiber’s membrane

Question 7

neuromuscular junction

Answer 7

the junction between a motor neuron (nerve cell) and the muscle fibers it innervates - is also called the motor end plate

Question 8

motor unit

Answer 8

a motor neuron and all of the fibers it innervates

Question 9

sarcoplasm

Answer 9

the cytoplasm of a muscle fiber, contains contractile components consisting of protein filaments, other proteins, stored glycogen and fat particles, enzymes, and specialized organelles such as mitochondria and the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 10

myofribils

Answer 10

dominate the sarcoplasm. they contain two types of myofilament - actin and myosin

Question 11

myosin

Answer 11

thick center - consists of a globular head, a hinge point, and a fibrous tail

Question 12

actin

Answer 12

thin filaments arranged in a double helix

Question 13

A-band

Answer 13

corresponds with the alignment of the myosin

Question 14

I-band

Answer 14

corresponds w two adjacent sarcomeres that contain only actin filaments

Question 15

Z-line

Answer 15

runs longitudinally through the I band

Question 16

H- zone

Answer 16

where only myosin filaments are present

Question 17

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Answer 17

where calcium ions are stored. regulation of calcium controls muscular contraction

Question 18

action potential

Answer 18

an electrical nerve impulse

Question 19

troponin

Answer 19

a protein that is situated at regular intervals along the actin filament

Question 20

tropomyosin

Answer 20

another protein molecule, which runs along the length of the actin filament in the groove of the double helix

Question 21

power stroke

Answer 21

the energy for pulling action - comes from hydrolysis (breakdown) of ATP to ADP and phosphate, a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme myosin ATPase

Question 22

acetylcholine

Answer 22

neurotransmitter which diffuses across the neuromuscular junction causing excitation of the sarcolemma

Question 23

tetanus

Answer 23

the maximal amount of force a motor unit can develop

Question 24

type 1 muscle fibers

Answer 24

generally efficient and fatigue resistant and have a high capacity for aerobic energy supply

Question 25

type IIa

Answer 25

fast twitch fibers that have a greater capacity for aerobic metabolism and have more capillaries surrounding them than the type IIx

Question 26

type IIx

Answer 26

fast twitch fibers that have more power and potential for hypertrophy

Question 27

muscle spindles

Answer 27

proprioceptors that consists of modified muscle fibers enclosed in a sheath of connective tissue

Question 28

GTO

Answer 28

activated when the tendon attached to an active muscle is stretched inhibiting muscle activation

Question 29

tricuspid and mitral valve (AV valves) during ventricular contraction (systole)

Answer 29

prevents the flow of blood from the ventricles back into the atria

Question 30

aortic valve and pulmonary valves (semilunar valves)

Answer 30

prevent back flow from the aorta and pulmonary arteries in the ventricles during the ventricular relaxation (diastole)

Question 31

sinoatrial (SA) node

Answer 31

the intrinsic pacemaker - where rhythmic electrical impulses are normally initiated

Question 32

atrioventricular (AV) node

Answer 32

where impulse is delayed slightly before passing into the ventricles

Question 33

AV bundle

Answer 33

conducts the impulse to the ventricles

Question 34

purkinje fibers

Answer 34

conduct impulses to all parts of the ventricles

Question 35

bradycardia

Answer 35

less than 60bpm

Question 36

tachycardia

Answer 36

more than 100bpm

Question 37

arterial system

Answer 37

carries blood away from the heart

Question 38

venous system

Answer 38

carries blood toward the heart

Question 39

capillaries

Answer 39

facilitate exchange of oxygen, fluid, nutrients, electrolytes, hormones, and other substances between the blood and the interstitial fluid in the various tissues of the body

Question 40

hemoglobin

Answer 40

responsible for the transport of oxygen