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ACE > Body Parts > Flashcards

Body Parts Flashcards

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1
Q

IT band

A

Leg

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2
Q

Piriformis

A

Front hip

  • associated with sciatica, cause leg pain

Sciatica refers to back pain caused by a problem with the sciatic nerve. This is a large nerve that runs from the lower back down the back of each leg. When something injures or puts pressure on the sciaticnerve, it can cause pain in the lower back that spreads to the hip, buttocks, and leg.

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3
Q

Gluteus medius and maximus

A

gluteus medius and gluteus maximus are primary abductors of the hip and as such they can prevent hip adduction (knees inward).

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4
Q

serratus anterior

A

front under shoulder

weak serratus anterior can result in an inability of these scapular muscles to hold the medial border of the scapula in place against the ribs. This is known as scapular “winging” and results in instability in the scapulothoracic joint that can lead to instability and injury in the shoulder girdle and/or shoulder joint.

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5
Q

infraspinatus

A

near lat - tight muscle may cause internal shoulder rotation

The infraspinatus and teres minor are primary external shoulder rotators; if they are tight, they will limit internal shoulder rotation. ACE Personal Trainer Manual (5th ed.), page 184

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6
Q

teres minor

A

near shoulder

The infraspinatus and teres minor are primary external shoulder rotators; if they are tight, they will limit internal shoulder rotation. ACE Personal Trainer Manual (5th ed.), page 184

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7
Q

lateral epicondyle

A

elbow

“Tennis elbow” is a common name for lateral epicondylitis, or inflammation of the wrist extensor tendons at their origin on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. ACE Personal Trainer Manual (5th ed.), pages 581-582

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8
Q

pectorals

A

shoulders

a standing posture with shoulders that are rounded forward and hands that face backward instead of toward each other is indicative of shortened pectorals and latissimus dorsi, as well as overstretched and potentially weakened scapular retractors and shoulder external rotators that passively allow the shoulders to fall forward into internal rotation.

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9
Q

latissimus dorsi

A

latissimus dorsi

a standing posture with shoulders that are rounded forward and hands that face backward instead of toward each other is indicative of shortened pectorals and latissimus dorsi, as well as overstretched and potentially weakened scapular retractors and shoulder external rotators that passively allow the shoulders to fall forward into internal rotation.

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10
Q

suprailium

A

tummy fat for skin fold test

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11
Q

tensor fascia latae

A

hip

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12
Q

plantarflexors

A

calf - point foot down

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13
Q

rectus fermoris

A

one of the quad

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14
Q

iliopsoas

A

hip

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15
Q

carpal tunnels

A

wrist

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16
Q

infraspinatus

A

shoulder

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17
Q

Muscle spindle (nerve)

A

senses stretch and speed

The muscle spindle is a proprioceptor. a sense organ that receives information from muscle, that senses STRETCH and the SPEED of the stretch. When you stretch and feel the message that you are at the ENDPOINT of your stretch the spindle is sending a reflex arc signal to your spinal column telling you not to stretch any further. This sense organ protects you from overstretching or stretching too fast and hurting yourself.

https://www.unm.edu/~lkravitz/Exercise%20Phys/spindleGTO.html

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18
Q

Golgi Tendon Organ

A

senses tension of stretch.

The golgi tendon organ is a proprioceptor, sense organ that receives information from the tendon, that senses TENSION. When you lift weights, the golgi tendon organ is the sense organ that tells you how much tension the muscle is exerting. If there is too much muscle tension the golgi tendon organ will inhibit the muscle from creating any force (via a reflex arc), thus protecting the you from injuring itself.

https://www.unm.edu/~lkravitz/Exercise%20Phys/spindleGTO.html

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19
Q

cervical spine extensors

A

back of the neck

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20
Q

hip abductors

A

hip abdutors

if weak, together with weak gluteus medius and maximus, the other side of the pelvis will drop more than 5 degress

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21
Q

hip adductors

A

hip adductors

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22
Q

external hip rotators

A

external hip rotators

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23
Q

hip flexors

A

hip flexors

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24
Q

hip extensors

A

hip extensors

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25
Q

Movement: Dorsiflexion (foot up)

A

Prime mover: Anterior tibilais

Synergist: Extensor hallicus longus, extensor digitorum, peroneus tertius

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26
Q

Move: Foot Inversion (subtalar joint)

A

Prime: Tibialis anterior and posterior

Synergy: Flexor and extensor hallicus longus, flexor digitorum longus

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27
Q

Move: Foot Eversion (subtalar joint)

A

Prime: Peroneus longus and brevis, and tertius

Sub: Extensor digitorum

28
Q

Move: Forearm Pronation

A

Prime: Pronator quadratus, pronator teres

Sub: Pronator Teres

29
Q

Move: Forearm Supination

A

Prime: Supinator, biceps brachii

Sub: Brachioradialis

30
Q

Move: Hip Abduction

A

prime: Gluteus max (superior fibers)
sub: Gluteus minimus/medius, TFL

31
Q

Move: Hip Adduction

A

Prime: Adductor magnus

Sub: Adductor brevis and longus

32
Q

Move: Hip Extension

A

Prime: Gluteus maximus

Sub: Biceps femoris, semitendionosus, semimebranosus

33
Q

Move: Hip Flexion

A

Prime: Iliopsoas, rectus femoris

Sub: TFL, pectineus, adductor longus, sartorius

34
Q

Move: Knee Extension

A

Prime: Quadriceps

Sub: Gracilis, sartorius

35
Q

Move: Knee Flexion

A

Prime: Hamstrings

Sub: Sartorius, gracilis, popliteus

36
Q

Move: Plantarflexion (foot point down)

A

Prime: Peroneus longus and brevis, gastric, soleus, posterior tibialis, popliteus

Sub: Plantaris, flexor hallicus longus, flexor digitorum longus

37
Q

Move: Scapular Depression

A

Prime: Lower trapezius

Sub: Pectoralis minor, subclavius

38
Q

Move: Scapular Elevation

A

Prime: Levator scapula

Sub: Trapezius, rhomboids

39
Q

Move: Scapular Protraction (abduction)

A

Prime: Serratus anterior, pectoralis minor

Sub: Subscapularis, teres major, teres minor

40
Q

Move: Scapular Retraction (adduction)

A

Prime: Rhomboids, middle trapezius

Sub: Levator scapulae

41
Q

Move: Arm Adduction

A

Prime: Pectoralis major, latisimus dorsi, teres major

Sub: Teres minor, subscapularus

42
Q

Move: Arm Abduction

A

Prime: Deltoid

Sub: Supraspinatus

43
Q

MOve: Shoulder Circumduction

A

Prime: Combines movements of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction in sequences

Sub: (See movements for flexion, extension, abduction and adduction)

44
Q

Move: Shoulder External Rotation

A

Prime: Infraspinatus and teres minor

Sub: Posterior deltoid

45
Q

Move: Shoulder Horizontal Abduction

A

Prime: Posterior deltoid

Sub: Infraspinatus

46
Q

Move: Shoulder Horizontal Adduction

A

Prime: Pectoralis major

Sub: Anterior deltoid

47
Q

Move: Shoulder Internal Rotation

A

Prime: Subscapularis, pectoralis major

Sub: Teres major

48
Q

Move: Trunk rotation

A

Prime: Internal and external obliques

Sub: Latisumus dorsi, rectus abdominus

49
Q
A
50
Q

Four muscles at shoulder that is called the rotator cuff

A

SITS

S- Supraspinatus
I - Infraspinatus
T teres minor
S - Subscapularis

51
Q

Gluteus maximus function

A
  • acts as an extensor and rotator of the hip
  • running, hopping, and jumping
52
Q

biceps fermoris

A

one of the hamstrings

53
Q

muscle spindles

A

parallel to the muscle fibres mostly in the muscle belly

54
Q

When the muscle spindle’s reflex contraction occurs, it causes the antagonist muscle group to relax. This is known as ____

A

Reciprocal inhibition

55
Q

synergist

A

muscles assist the agonist in causing a desired action

56
Q

co-contraction

A

describes when the agonist and antagonists contract together and a joint must be stabilized.

57
Q

erector spinae

A

middle back

58
Q

an individual is performing a seated leg press. What prime movers initiate this exercise?

A

Knee extensors and hip extensors

Why?

The knee extensors (quadriceps femoris) and hip extensors (hamstrings and gluteus maximus) are the prime movers that initiate the movement to straighten the legs at the beginning of a seated leg press.

ACE Essentials of Exercise Science, p. 118, 122

59
Q

The knee extensors

A

quadriceps femoris

60
Q

hip extensors

A

hamstrings and gluteus maximus

61
Q

What is the primary action of the gluteus medius?

A

Hip abduction

Why?

The three gluteal muscles—gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and the superior fibers of the gluteus maximus—are the primary hip abductors and are assisted by the tensor fasciae latae. The gluteus medius is the largest of the hip abductor muscles, two times larger than the gluteus minimus.

ACE Essentials of Exercise Science, p. 119

62
Q

What group of muscles works eccentrically during the down-phase of a squat?

A

Gluteus maximus and hamstrings

Why?

Eccentric action of the gluteus maximus and hamstrings controls the downward phase of the squat into hip flexion.

63
Q

dorsiflexors

A

shin - lift foot up

64
Q

Subtalar

A

The articulation of the talus and the calcaneus is referred to as the subtalar joint, which allows inversion and eversion of the foot

65
Q

Fascia

A
  • enable safe and effective transmission of forces throughout the whole muscle
  • provide lubrications between muscle fibres to change shape
  • ensures proper alignment of muscle fibres, blood vessels and nerves
  • contributes 41% of total resistance to join range of motion

ACE (11 decks)

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