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+ CAPS 301: Muscle, Bodily Fluid, Cardio > Body Fluid > Flashcards

Body Fluid Flashcards

1
Q

Why do women have lower % water composition?

A

due to more adipose (fat) tissue, which has very low water %

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2
Q

What happens to % water composition with age?

A

decreases, due to more adipose (fat) tissue

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3
Q

What is intracellular fluid?

A

fluid found in cells, including blood cells

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4
Q

What is extracellular fluid?

A

fluid found outside cells

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5
Q

What are the 3 types of extracellular fluid in the body?

A
  • transcellular fluid
  • interstitial fluid
  • plasma
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6
Q

What is transcellular fluid?

A

fluid found on other side of epithelial tissue

does NOT include fluid continuous with outside of body

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7
Q

What is interstitial fluid?

A

fluid that surrounds tissues

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8
Q

What is plasma?

A

fluid component of blood

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9
Q

What is the total body water in an individual?

A

60% of body weight

42 L – based on 70 kg male

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10
Q

What is the breakdown of ECF and ICF in total body water?

A

ECF: 20% of body weight (1/3 of TBW)

ICF: 40% of body weight (2/3 of TBW)

14 L and 28 L – based on 70 kg male

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11
Q

What is the breakdown of fluid in the ECF?

A

1/20 transcellular fluid
3/4 interstitial fluid
1/5 plasma

< 1 L, 10.5 L, and 3 L Based on 70 kg male

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12
Q

What separates ECF and ICF?

A

cell membrane

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13
Q

What separates transcellular fluid and interstitial fluid?

A

epithelium

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14
Q

What separates interstitial fluid and plasma?

A

capillary wall

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15
Q

What is the permeability of the plasma membrane?

A

varies from area to area, depending on types of proteins expressed in different cells

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16
Q

Compare the composition of ions in plasma an interstitial fluid (ECF).

A

similar

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17
Q

Describe the composition of ions in transcellular fluid.

A

variable

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18
Q

What are the 3 locations of interstitial fluid?

A
  • bulk interstitial fluid
  • bone
  • dense connective tissue
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19
Q

What is the Na+ and K+ composition in ICF?

A
  • low Na+ (sodium is leaving cell)
  • high K+ (potassium is entering cell)

due to Na+-K+ ATPase

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20
Q

Compare [Na+], [K+], [Cl-], [protein], and osmolality in ECF vs. ICF.

A
  • ECF: 145 mM
  • ICF: 15 mM
  • ECF: 4.5 mM
  • ICF: 120 mM
  • ECF: 116 mM
  • ICF: 20 mM
  • ECF: 0 mM
  • ICF: 4 mM

osmolality: ECF = ICF
- ECF: 290 mOsm
- ICF: 290 mOsm

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21
Q

What are the units for solute concentration?

A
  • mmol/L (mM)
  • mEq/L
  • mOsm/kg H2O (osmolality)
  • mOsm/L H2O (osmolarity)
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22
Q

What is an equivalent (Eq)?

A

number of moles of charge (1 Eq = 1 mole of charge)

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23
Q

How is mEq/L calculated?

A

mmol/L x z (valence)

24
Q

What is osmolality?

A

mOsm/kg H2O

describe concentration of active solute per unit of H2O – by mass

25
Q

What is osmolarity?

A

mOsm/L H2O

describe concentration of active solute per unit of H2O – by volume

26
Q

What is an osmole (Osm)?

A

number of moles of osmotically active (capable of causing osmosis) particles

27
Q

How does H2O move based on osmolality?

A

moves from lower to higher osmolality

28
Q

What can move through semipermeable membrane?

A

H2O

solute (ie. ions) cannot

29
Q

What is the movement of ions dependent on?

A

is highly regulated and dependent on what is expressed in tissues

30
Q

Are many of our tissues are relatively permeable to water?

A

yes

31
Q

What can osmolarity be altered by?

A

changes in temperature

32
Q

Is it better to use osmolarity or osmolality? Why?

A

best to use osmolality (not altered by temperature)

33
Q

When is osmolarity and osmolality equal?

A

at body temperature (37℃), 1 L H2O = 1 kg H2O

34
Q

What does isosmotic mean?

A

osmolality of all fluid compartments are considered to be equal

35
Q

Does solute occupy volume in plasma?

A

yes

36
Q

Describe solute concentration in plasma volume vs. plasma water.

A

calculating concentrations using plasma water gives a different result than using plasma volume

plasma volume: uses volume of solute + H2O

plasma water: uses volume of H2O only

37
Q

Is solute concentration greater in plasma water or plasma volume?

A

ALWAYS greater in plasma water

38
Q

What fluid is Na+ the main cation in?

A
  • plasma

- interstitial fluid

39
Q

What fluid is K+ the main cation in?

A

intracellular fluid – due to Na+-K+ ATPase pump

40
Q

What fluid is Cl- in?

A

extracellular fluid

41
Q

What fluid are phosphates and organic anions in?

A

intracellular fluid

42
Q

Does interstitial space have protein?

A

very little

43
Q

In which fluid is there more protein?

A

ICF

some in plasma

44
Q

In which fluid is there a greater amount of Ca2+?

A

greater outside cell (ECF) than inside cell (ICF)

45
Q

What is the Gibbs-Donnan effect?

A

describes what happens when a membrane is permeable to some, but not all, molecules in a solution

fluid shifts

46
Q

What is albumen?

A

very negatively-charged protein in plasma (found in blood)

47
Q

Where does transport between plasma and interstitium (ISF) occur in?

A
  • blood capillaries, across endothelial cells

- lymphatic capillaries, across endothelial cells, which subsequently drain into venous blood system

48
Q

Where does transport between cells (ICF) and interstitium (ISF) occur?

A

across cell membranes

  • highly regulated and dependent on what is expressed in tissue
  • different types of proteins and transporters expressed in different permeabilities, depending on location of body
49
Q

Where does transport between transcellular fluid (TCF) and interstitium (ISF) occur?

A

across epithelial cells

50
Q

What is transport across barriers determined by?

A

their specific permeability

51
Q

Describe fluid loss when you sweat.

A

ECF fluid (water) loss > ECF salt loss

52
Q

Describe fluid loss when you have diarrhea.

A

ECF fluid loss similar to ECF salt loss

53
Q

Describe fluid gain when you drink H2O excessively.

A

ECF fluid gain

54
Q

What is intracellular osmotic shift?

A

swelling of cells when fluid moves into cells

55
Q

Where is intracellular osmotic shift dangerous?

A

in areas of body that don’t have room for tissue expansion

56
Q

What are symptoms of intracellular osmotic shift?

A

headache
seizures
coma leading to death

+ CAPS 301: Muscle, Bodily Fluid, Cardio (13 decks)

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