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+ CAPS 301: Muscle, Bodily Fluid, Cardio > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

1
Q

What are the major components of blood?

A
  • plasma

- cellular elements

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2
Q

What are the 3 cellular elements of blood?

A
  • RBC (erythrocytes)
  • WBC (monocytes, granulocytes (basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils), lymphocytes)
  • platelets (thrombocytes)
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3
Q

What are the functions of blood?

A

transport

  • respiration
  • nutrition
  • excretion
  • homeostasis
  • communication

protection

  • hemostasis
  • immune
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4
Q

What is the respiration function of blood?

A

transports O2 and CO2 between lungs and tissue

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5
Q

What is the nutrition function of blood?

A

transports nutrients from gut to tissues, between organs

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6
Q

What is the excretion function of blood?

A

transports metabolic waste to kidneys, intestines, or lungs for removal

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7
Q

What is the homeostasis function of blood?

A

maintaining body fluid volume, pH, and temperature

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8
Q

What is the communication function of blood?

A

transport of hormones

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9
Q

What is the hemostasis function of blood?

A

prevention of blood loss

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10
Q

What is the immune function of blood?

A

plasma and blood cells are involved in immune response

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11
Q

What is the composition of blood volume?

A

plasma volume (no cells): 55-60%

hematocrit (red blood cells): 40-45%

buffy coat (white blood cells, platelets): < 1%

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12
Q

What cells does plasma contain?

A

none

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13
Q

What cells does hematocrit contain?

A

RBC

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14
Q

What cells does buffy coat contain?

A

WBC

platelets

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15
Q

What is blood volume?

A

plasma volume + hematocrit

~ 5.5 L ≈ 3.0 L plasma (55%) + 2.5 L hematocrit (45%)

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16
Q

What happens to plasma volume in dehydration?

A

loss of plasma volume

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17
Q

What are 2 conditions with altered hematocrit?

A
  • anemia

- polycythemia

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18
Q

What happens to hematocrit in anemia?

A

less RBCs to carry oxygen

- decreases viscosity (thins) blood

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19
Q

What is a symptom of anemia?

A

fatigue due to reduced oxygen delivery (less oxygen-carrying capacity)

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20
Q

What is polycythemia?

A

more RBCs

- increases viscosity of blood – thicker

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21
Q

What is polycythemia a risk for?

A

blood clots

22
Q

What are some causes of polycythemia?

A
  • living at high altitude, you will have sustained oxygen deprivation – body will produce more RBCs
  • tumour
23
Q

How is blood volume estimated?

A

indicator dilution method

24
Q

What is the Indicator Dilution Method?

A
  • known concentration of indicator (dye or radioactive substance) is injected into blood stream
  • indicator must be specific to plasma (not able to move to other fluid compartments)
  • once substance has reached steady-state in plasma and sample is taken, and indicator concentration is measured
25
Q

What are the 3 classifications of blood proteins based on?

A

electrophoretic mobility

26
Q

What are the 3 classifications of blood proteins?

A
  • albumin
  • globulin
  • fibrinogen
27
Q

What are the proteins in blood that are globulins?

A
  • lipoproteins
  • glycoproteins
  • coagulation factors
  • immunoglobulins
  • complement
28
Q

What does albumin do?

A
  • maintains oncotic pressure in vessels (opposes fluid loss from vessels as they cross capillary beds)
  • transport
29
Q

What do lipoproteins do?

A

lipid transport

30
Q

What are the 3 types of glycoproteins in blood?

A
  • transferrin
  • haptoglobins
  • ceruloplasmin
31
Q

What does transferrin do?

A

Fe3+ binding

32
Q

What does haptoglobin do?

A

hemoglobin binding

33
Q

What does ceruloplasmin do?

A

Cu2+ binding

oxidizes Fe2+ to Fe3+

34
Q

What do coagulation factors do?

A

hemostasis

35
Q

What is coagulation factor 1?

A

fibrinogen

NOT considered globulin with other coagulation factors

36
Q

What do immunoglobulins do?

A

immune response

37
Q

What do complement proteins do?

A

immune response

38
Q

What do hormones do?

A

regulation of various physiological functions

39
Q

Which cellular components of blood lack nuclei?

A

erythrocytes

thrombocytes

40
Q

What do monocytes do?

A
  • involved in counteracting pathogens

- differentiate into macrophages, which are involved in phagocytosis

41
Q

What do neutrophils and basophils do?

A

primarily involved in fighting bacteria and fungi

42
Q

What do eosinophils do?

A

involved in fighting parasites and viruses

43
Q

What do lymphocytes (B and T cells) do?

A

involved in directed immune response

44
Q

Why do females have less hematocrit and hemoglobin?

A

due to loss of blood during menstruation

45
Q

What does testosterone do?

A

promotes RBC synthesis

46
Q

What does estrogen do?

A

reduces RBC synthesis

47
Q

Where does differentiation of blood cells occur?

A

in bone marrow

48
Q

Where does the last step of T cell differentiation occur?

A

in thymus

49
Q

Where does the last step of B cell differentiation occur?

A

in bone marrow

50
Q

Where does the last step of all cell differentiation (except T and B cells) occur?

A

in blood stream

+ CAPS 301: Muscle, Bodily Fluid, Cardio (13 decks)

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