Boden (1998) Glossary Flashcards
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
The capability of a computer system to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and language translation
Combinational creativity
A type of creativity that involves novel combinations of familiar ideas. Examples include poetic imagery and analogy, where two associated ideas share some inherent conceptual structure
Conceptual space
A structured domain or framework within which ideas are generated and explored. In AI, it refers to the predefined parameters and rules that govern the creation of new ideas or solutions
Copycat program
An AI system designed to find analogies between alphabetic letter-strings. It uses context-sensitive descriptions and evolves concepts as processing proceeds, aiming to mimic the fluid complexity of human analogical thinking
Domain-expertise
Specialized knowledge in a particular field necessary for mapping conceptual spaces and evaluating AI-generated ideas. Essential in AI models to ensure meaningful outputs and effective exploration of the defined spaces
Exploratory creativity
A type of creativity involving the generation of novel ideas by exploring structured conceptual spaces. The ideas produced are often unexpected yet conform to the rules of the thinking style concerned
Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs)
AI models involving two neural networks (the generator and the discriminator) working together to create content. The generator produces outputs, and the discriminator evaluates them for authenticity
Genetic algorithms (GA)
Search algorithms based on the principles of natural selection and genetics that are used to find optimal solutions by iterating through generations of potential solutions
H-creativity (Historical creativity)
Creativity that results in ideas which are novel to the whole of previous history, not just to the individual mind or system producing them
Heuristics
Techniques used in AI to guide the discovery process, often involving rules of thumb that simplify decision-making and problem-solving
JAPE (Joke-AI program)
An AI program designed to generate punning riddles using a semantic network. It produces jokes based on predefined sentence forms and evaluates their aptness and originality
Motivation and emotion
Human capacities that drive the creative process, involving personal desires, feelings, and cultural context, which are challenging to replicate in AI systems
P-creativity (Psychological creativity)
Creativity that results in ideas which are novel to the mind of the individual or AI-system concerned, irrespective of whether they have been thought of before in history
Reflective self-criticism
The ability to critically assess one’s own ideas, essential for improving and refining creative outputs. This is a significant challenge for AI systems
Semantic network
A structure used in AI to represent knowledge and relationships between concepts, which aids in generating combinational creativity such as jokes and analogies
Shape-grammar
A type of grammar used to describe architectural designs or other structured spaces. It defines the dimensions and constraints within which creative explorations can occur
Transformation creativity
A type of creativity involving the transformation of one or more dimensions of a conceptual space, enabling the generation of ideas that were previously impossible
Valuation
The process of evaluating the quality and usefulness of AI-generated ideas. In AI systems, this involves criteria for determining the creativity and interest of new outputs, and is often intertwined with domain-expertise
