Blueprints Exam Flashcards
Cherry-Red Spots genetic disorders
Niemann-Pick
Gaucher
Tay-Sachs
Small cell lung cancer causes
Anti-Hu antibodies
Anti-Hu antibodies cause
Paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis, ataxia, and autonomic neuropathy.
Anti-GM1 causes
Multifocal motor neuropathy with conduction block
Primary muscle problem signs
Symmetric proximal weakness or Weakness of neck flexors and extensors
Myotonic dystrophy cause
Triplet repeat expansion in DMPK gene.
Myotonic dystrophy EMG
Myotonic discharges
Fungal meningitis key CSF sign
Glycorrhacia: CSF-serum glucose ratio below 0.4
Subfalcine herniation results in
Compressing ACA…leads to leg weakness.
Uncal herniation signs
Ipsilateral third nerve palsy is the first sign. Continued herniation causes ipsilateral hemiparesis (Kernohan’s notch)
Treatment for Optic Neuritis
IV steroids (may delay but not prevent MS)
Sarcoid signs
Bilateral LMN facial weakness!
May cause optic neuropathy.
Bilateral facial weakness in MS?
No
Pupillary defect in Lyme disease?
No
Corona radiata carries sensory?
No, only motor
Allodynia vs. hyperesthesia
Allodynia is for pain, hyperesthesia just means you feel things more
Most common cause of polyradiculitis or cauda equina syndrome in an immunocompromised person
CMV
Contrast vs. non contrast??
???
tx for temporal arteritis?
Steroids
Intracerebral hemorrhages caused by HTN most often cause by
Basal ganglia, thalamus, pons, and cerebellum in decreasing frequency
Contraindication to MRI
Patients with pacemakers and other implanted metal objects
MRI vs. CT for posterior fossa
MRI images better, but CT should still pick up blood
Tx for severe Lyme disease
IV abx, ceftriaxone
DMD and BMD on what chromosome
X
Side effects of Tegretol
Hyponatremia!!!! agranulocytosis, and risk for Stevens-Johnson
Which growths are essentially the only ones that image homogenously
Meningiomas!!! Maybe lymphomas (but they can ring enhance)
Oligoclonal bands in CSF….
MS
Pleocytosis of ADEM?
Lymphocytic
ADEM stands for
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis
ADEM causes
Viral infections or vaccinations
Diabetic amyopathy presentation
May be unilateral, resolves over months-years, a form of polyradiculoneuropathy
Small-fiber neuropathy sensory modality loss
Temperature and pinprick sensation
Tx for cataplexy
clomipramine and venlafaxine may work
How symmetric are the EPS of PD
Typically assymetric
Miller-Fisher Syndrome signs
Ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and areflexia (GBS variant)
Best imaging for intracranial hemorrhage on MRI
Susceptibility imaging or gradient-echo imaging
Contrast enchanced T1 for…
brain tuors
FLAIR imaging for…
screening for most types of intracranial lesions
Greatest vascular malformation risk to bleed
AVM
Lateral Medullary Syndrome signs
Ipsilateral ataxia, ipsilateral Horner, ipsilateral facial sensory loss. Contralateral impairment of pain/temp. in arm and leg. Nystagmus and vertigo. NO WEAKNESS.
csf formulas
….
Thumb sensory level
C6 radiculopathy
4th, 5th digits and intrinsic hand muscles
C8 or T1 (median nerve)
Treatment for GBS
IVIg and plasmapharesis
How to diagnose GBS…
….
Measure of severity of GBS
If FVC is less than 15 mL/kg
Sarcoidosis skin finding
Erythema nodosum
