Blood Vessels.

Question 1

Describe the structure of arteries:

• The relative thickness of the wall.
• The diameter of the lumen.
• Blood type and exceptions.
• The pressure of blood.

Answer 1

• Have thick muscular walls containing elastic fibers.
• Have a narrow lumen to maintain high pressure.
• Carry oxygenated blood (other than the pulmonary artery).
• Carry blood at high pressure away from the heart.

Question 2

Describe the structure of veins:

• The relative thickness of the wall.
• The diameter of the lumen.
• Blood type and exceptions.
• The pressure of blood.

Answer 2

• Have thin walls.
• Have a large lumen as blood pressure is low.
• Contains valves.
• Carry deoxygenated blood (other than the pulmonary vein).
• Carry blood at low pressure towards the heart.

Question 3

Describe the structure of capillaries:

• The relative thickness of the wall.
• The diameter of the lumen.
• Blood type and exceptions.
• The pressure of blood.

Answer 3

• Have walls that are one cell thick.
• Very small lumen.
• Carry both deoxygenated and oxygenated blood.
• Carry blood at low pressure within tissues.

Question 4

What are the functions of capillaries?

Answer 4

Capillaries are thin blood vessels that are used to exchange substances with tissues, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other nutrients.

Question 5

Explain how the structure of the capillaries is related to their function.

Answer 5

• Capillaries have walls that are one cell thick and have a small lumen too keep short diffusion distances so substances can easily diffuse in and out of them
• Capillaries have a large area and are branched.

Question 6

Explain how the structure of arteries is related to the pressure of the blood that they transport.

Answer 6

Have thick muscular walls containing elastic fibers to withstand the high pressure of blood.

Question 7

Explain how the structure of veins is related to the pressure of the blood that they transport.

Answer 7

Contain valves to prevent the backflow of blood as it is under low pressure.

Question 8

What carries blood back towards and away from the heart?

Answer 8

Towards heart: Vena cava, Pulmonary vein.

Away from heart: Aorta, Pulmonary artery.

Question 9

What carries blood back towards and away from the heart from the liver?

Answer 9

Towards heart: Hepatic vein.

Away from heart: Hepatic artery.

Takes blood from digestive system to liver: Hepatic portal vein.

Question 10

What carries blood back towards and away from the heart from the lung?

Answer 10

Towards heart: Pulmonary artery.

Away from heart: Pulmonary vein.

Question 11

What carries blood back towards and away from the heart from the kidney?

Answer 11

Towards heart: Renal artery.

Away from heart: Renal vein.