Blood Transfusions Flashcards
Describe fresh whole blood
Contains rbcs, platelets, wbcs, plasma protein and all clotting factors
Used in anaemia (haemorrhage), thrombocytopenia, pancytopenia
Describe whole blood
Contains rbcs, plasma proteins, stable clotting factors
Used in anaemia (haemorrhage)
Describe packed red blood cells
Used for anaemia (haemolysis, non-regenerative anaemia, chronic blood loss)
Describe fresh frozen plasma (FFP)
Contains all clotting factors, vWF, plasma proteins
Used in coagulopathoes (esp associated with liver disease, factor VII deficiency, Vwd)
What blood transfusion can cats get?
Fresh whole blood only
Prone to volume overload
Name the dog blood types
1.1, 1.2, 3,4,5,6,7 and 8 and DAL antigen
What is important when transfusing blood in dogs?
Imperative to cross match prior to subsequent transfusions since first transfusions rarely result in reactions
Better to blood type prior to first transfusion
Name the feline blood groups
A, B, AB
What is important when transfusing blood in cats?
Have naturally occurring alloantibodies
So need to be blood typed before first transfusion
Cross matching must be performed before subsequent transfusions
Why is blood typing important?
Minimises risk of transfusion reaction
Avoid formation of alloantibodies in the future
Breed blood types not a rule
Describe cross matching
- identifies reactions between donor and receipient blood using agglutination or haemolysis
- cases with autoagglutination cant be easily typed or cross matched
When is cross matching used in dogs and cats?
dogs- if they had have previous transfusion 4 days before, any unknown transfusion, history of transfusion or a previous pregnancy
cats- ALL THE TIME
What are the benefits of a blood bank?
- increased availability for patient
- products are tailored to individual needs
- risk of complications are minimised
- convient for the donor
- allows donor screening/typing
Describe the requirements for canine blood donation
- 1-8 yrs old
- over 25kg
- fully vaccinated and wormed
- healthy and not receiving any medication
- never travelled out of UK
- good temperament
- never had puppies/or pregnant
- never had transfusion before
What sedation is used in blood donation?
butorphanol IV
What is the maximum amount of blood a dog can give?
18ml/kg every 8 wks
What are the requirements for feline blood donation?
Over 4kg
Fully vaccinated and wormed
Healthy and not receiving any medication
FIV/FeLV negative
no previous kittens or is pregnant and overall good temperament
Mycoplasma felis PCR negaitive, never travelled outside of UK, has not received transufion previously
Why is it important to have the correct anti-coagulant: blood ratio?
Too much anticoagulant can lead to citrate toxicity and citrate binds to calcium which will lead to hypocalcaemia resulting in either cramps, seizures or respiratory arrest
What needs to be known once blood is taken?
Recipients blood type
Previous donor history
Current drug and fluid therapy
Concurrent disease eg cardiac
Why should lactate ringers solution not be administrated through the same line as the blood product?
Because calcium within the fluid precipitates with anticoagulants present in WB and pRBCs
What is the maximum volume of blood given?
22ml/kg
What formula is used to calculate required volume of blood?
K x bodyweight x (desired PCV-recipient PCV)/donor PCV
K= 90 for dogs and 60 for cats
What can cause non-immunological reactions to transfusion?
Too rapid infusion rate Volume overload Microbial contamination Thrombosis Air embolus, TRALI etc
What are signs of a transfusion reaction?
- tachycardia or bradycardia
- vocalisation
- shock
- vomiting
- jaundice
- pyrexia
- coughing
