Acquired murmurs in cats

Question 1

What is the most common cardiomyopathy phenotype in cats?

Answer 1

primary hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Question 2

What are examples of other cardiomyopathy phenotypes in cats?

Answer 2

• restrictive cardiomyopathy
• dilated cardiomyopathy
• arrhythmogenic ventricular cardiomyopathy
• non specific cardiomyopathy

Question 3

What are causes of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

Answer 3

systemic arterial hypertension and hyperthyroidism
acromegaly
infiltrative diseases

Question 4

What are causes of dilated cardiomyopathy?

Answer 4

• dietary taurine deficiency

- chronic tachycardia

Question 5

Describe primary hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Answer 5

myosin binding protein C3 mutation
found in ragdolls, shorthairs, sphynx, birmans
mostly seen in domestic short hairs
more severe in males at young age

Question 6

What is the pathophysiology of HCM?

Answer 6

• concetric hypertrophy of LV-walls of left ventricle are thickened leading to poor relaxation of ventricle, leads to diastolic failure.

There is left atrium enlargement which can lead to left sided congested heart failure which can result in thrombus, distal aorta and HQ pain and paresis

Question 7

What are clinical signs that suggest cardiomyopathy?

Answer 7

• dyspnoea
• collapse
• paresis
• lameness
• ascites
• inappetance
• lethargy

Question 8

What clinical signs are common for heart disease?

Answer 8

• dullness on percussion of chest (pleural effusion)
• dyspnoea
• gallop sounds
• arrthymia- bradycardia or tachycardia
• murmur
• hypothermia
• lung crackles (pulmonary oedema)

Question 9

What could murmurs be due to?

Answer 9

left outflow tract obstruction:
hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

right outflow tract obstruction:
mitral valve insufficiency and tricuspid valve insufficiency

Question 10

What is seen in HCM?

Answer 10

• pleural effusion
• pulmonary oedema
• vascular oedema
• atrial dilation
• ## cardiac silhouette enlarged