Blood Transfusion Reactions Flashcards
Transfusion Reactions are _______ associated with the _________ and _________
adverse reactions
transfusion of blood and its components
ANY __________ is considered a transfusion reaction of blood treatment.
unfavorable consequence
The risks of transfusion must be weighed against the benefits
T/F
T
Transfusion reactions can either be _________ which occurs in _____ or ________ which occurs in _______
Acute ; less than 24 hours
Delayed; greater than 24 hours
Acute transfusion reactions can either be ———- or _________
Immunologic or non-immunologic
List the acute immunologic transfusion reactions
Hemolytic
Febrile non-hemolytic
Allergic
Anaphylactic
Transfusion reaction of acute lung injury
List the acute non- immunologic transfusion reactions
Hemolytic
Circulatory overload
Air embolus
Hypothermia
Hypocalcemia
List the delayed non- immunologic transfusion reactions
Iron overload
Infections
List the delayed immunologic transfusion reactions
Hemolytic
Post transfusion purpura
Graft VS host disease
Acute transfusion reaction
Occurs in the first ______ of first _____ of blood
10-15 mins
50cc
Acute Haemolytic Transfusion Reaction
Aetiology:
-_______________ : _______ jn recipient Lead to _____________ of donated Rbc
-occur within ________
Blood group incompatibility
Antibodies
intravascular destruction
minutes
Acute Haemolytic Transfusion Reaction
Prevention: ___________________
Give ABO compatible blood.
Acute Haemolytic Transfusion Reaction
Clinical features
-________ along infusion site
– ___________
– Abnormal _________/________/__________/_______
– Release of cytokines: ____,___________
– Renal failure/ _____uria, may progress
to…___uria
Pain
Shock
bleeding; DIC
Haemoglobinemia/uria
fever, hypotension
Olig; an
Febrile Non Haemolytic Transfusion Reaction
Definition:
– __________ during infusion of blood component
– Usually “(severe or mild?) & (benign or malignant?) ” = not life threatening
An INCREASE in temperature of 1OC
Mild and benign
Febrile Non Haemolytic Transfusion Reaction
Aetiology:
Recipient ______ to donor _______________ in the transfused blood component.
antibodies
WBCs & Cytokines
Febrile Non Haemolytic Transfusion Reaction
Seen in:
_________ patients
Multiple _______
– Previously __________
Multiply transfused
pregnancies
transplanted
Febrile Non Haemolytic Transfusion Reaction
Differentials:
__________ reaction
_____ contamination of unit
Haemolytic transfusion
Bacterial
Febrile Non Haemolytic Transfusion Reactionl
PREVENTION
__________ (____- storage reduction may be more effective than ____- storage reduction) or plasma removal is also helpful.
Leukocyte reduction
pre
Post
Allergic (Urticarial-Hives) Transfusion Reactions
Aetiology:
______ hypersensitivity triggered by _________ directed against:
– Donor _________ or
Other allergens (food, medicines) in donor plasma
Cutaneous
recipient antibodies
plasma proteins
Allergic (Urticarial-Hives) Transfusion Reactions
Begins within _______ of infusion
Characterized by _____,______, or ______
Common or Rare?
Usually involves release of _______
Minutes
rash, and/or hives and itching
Common
histamine
Allergic (Urticarial-Hives) Transfusion Reactions
MUST be sure that the only reaction is the development of ______
No:
•________
____________
___________
urticarial
angioneurotic edema
laryngeal edema
bronchial asthma
Allergic (Urticarial-Hives) Transfusion Reactions
Prevention: _________________ before transfusion
pre-treat recipient with anti- histamines
Anaphylaxis
Recipient is ________ & has _______ in serum
– Recipient _____ can react to even (small or large?) amounts of ______ in the plasma in any blood component
• Reaction may occur within _______ : Onset of symptoms is ______
IgA deficient; anti-IgA
anti-IgA; small; donor IgA
minutes; SUDDEN
Anaphylaxis
PREVENTION:
_____ cellular components or blood products from ________
Wash
IgA deficients
Anaphylaxis
Symptoms
–_______ sensation at infusion site
– Coughing, difficulty in breathing, and bronchospasms can lead to ________
– Nausea, vomiting, severe abdominal cramps, diarrhea
– _____tension which can lead to _____,_____, and _______
– (FEVER or NO FEVER ?)
Burning
cyanosis
Hypo
shock, loss of consciousness, & death
No fever
TRALI
TRALI
Acute onset of _____ and _______ on CX-RAY within ______ of transfusion without evidence of _______
hypoxemia and pulmonary edema
6 hrs
cardiac failure.
TRALI
Primary Suspect:____________ to _____________
Another cause:
________________ in the lungs causing _______
Donor antibodies to recipient WBCs
Biologically active lipids; edema
TRALI
Clinical features
Chills, _______, cough, cyanosis, ____tension, increased difficulty breathing
fever
Hypo
TRALI
Prevention:
– For recipients : give _____________
- For donors: ________/_______
male products
watch/defer
Transfusion Associated Circulatory overload(TACO)
Aetiology
___________________
Rapid increases in blood volume to patient
Transfusion Associated Circulatory overload(TACO)
Risk factors:
– compromised _____________
– small _______________(elderly, young children),
– severe _____________
cardiovascular function,
intravascular volume
chronic anemia.
Transfusion Associated Circulatory overload(TACO)
Prevention:
– ______________
Treatment:
Stop infusion and ________________
Slow Transfusion
place patient in sitting position.