Blood Component Therapy Flashcards by Iseoluwa Ojo

BLOOD COMPONENT THERAPY is a term used when ________ is ______ into different _______ or _________ for the purpose of ________

whole blood

separated

cellular or plasma component

transfusion

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Blood Component Therapy

Up to _____ components can be derived from donated blood.

four

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Blood Component Therapy

The main transfusable blood components include:
________,_______,______,_______

Red cells Plasma Platelets cryoprecipitates

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Centrifuged blood

________ is up

________ is in the middle

_______ is at the bottom

Plasma

White blood cell and platelets

Red blood cell

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WHOLE BLOOD =________ blood collected into an approved container containing an anticoagulant preservative solution

Unseparated

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BLOOD PRODUCT = _____________ prepared from human blood

Any therapeutic substance

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BLOOD COMPONENT = A _____________, separated from _________ based on _______

constituent of blood

whole blood

differential centrifugation.

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BLOOD COMPONENT

E.g.
_________ concentrate
_________
________ concentrates
________ prepared from_________

Red cell

Plasma

Platelets

Cryoprecipitate

fresh frozen plasma

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BLOOD PRODUCT consists of both _________ and _________

Blood component and Plasma Derivatives

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Bloodcomponents
– Prepared in _________________

Plasma derivatives
-prepared in ____________

blood transfusion center

plasma fractionation centers

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•Bloodcomponents
-prepared by ________________

• Plasmaderivatives
-Pharmaceutically manufactured from ____________

centrifugal separation of blood

pooled plasma donations

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•Bloodcomponents

Include:
• ______ concentrates
• _________ concentrates
•_______________
•___________
•___________ concentrates

• Plasmaderivatives

•__________
•______________
•______________

Red cell
Platelets
Fresh frozen plasma
Cryoprecipitate
Granulocyte

Albumin
Coagulation factors
immunoglobulins

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plasma fractionation centers are not licensed.

T/F

They are licensed.

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Blood component

Effective blood transfusion therapy depends on _________________________

availability of different blood components

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Components used separately or in combination can meet most patients’ transfusion needs and keep the risk of transfusion to minimum

T/F

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WHY IS BLOOD COMPONENT DESIRABLE??

The 5 S!

Survival
Safety
Supplement
Specific
Several

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WHY IS BLOOD COMPONENT DESIRABLE

SURVIVAL

Separation of blood components allows _______________________

optimal survival for each component

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WHY IS BLOOD COMPONENT DESIRABLE

SPECIFIC

Allows __________ according to ___________

transfusing specific blood components

the need of the patient

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WHY IS BLOOD COMPONENT DESIRABLE

SAFETY

Prevents use of __________ which may be _____________

unnecessary component

contraindicated in a patient

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WHY IS BLOOD COMPONENT DESIRABLE

SEVERAL

Several ____________________________

patients can be treated from one unit of donated blood

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WHY IS BLOOD COMPONENT DESIRABLE

SUPPLEMENTS

Use of blood components __________ and ________________

supplements blood supply

adds to the blood inventory

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Blood component:
A constituent of blood , separated from whole blood based on differential centrifugation

T/F

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Blood component:

Made up of ———- component and _______ component

Cellular

Plasma

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Blood component: Cellular components

• ________ concentrates

•Platelets
-_______________
-_________________

Red cell

Platelet rich concentrate

Platelet rich plasma

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Blood component: plasma components _____________ ___________ _____________

Bank plasma Fresh frozen plasma Cryo precipitate

COMPONENT PREPARATION Principle - Differential centrifugation •Red cells __________ _________________

Packed cells Red cells + additive

COMPONENT PREPARATION • Principle - Differential centrifugation Plasma + Platelets Red cells • Packed cells – – Red cells + additive Plasma • Bank plasma – – – Fresh frozen Cryo supernate Platelets • Platelet rich concentrate • – – Platelet rich plasma Cryoprecipitate

Whole blood undergoes _____ spin to give A and B B undergoes _____ spin to give C and D D can be split in to E and F

Soft A= Packed rbc B= Platelet rich plasma C= platelet concentrate D=Fresh frozen plasma E= cryoprecipitates F=plasma derivatives

Packed red blood cells can be manipulated to give : ______ _________ _________ _______

Washed Leukocytes depleted Irradiated Frozen

COLORS!!!!! Whole blood Red blood cells Platelets Plasma Cryoprecipitate

Red Red Colorless Yellowish White

Shelf life !!!!! Whole blood Red blood cells Platelets Plasma Cryoprecipitate

21/35 days Up to 42 days 5 days 1 year 1 year

Storage conditions!!!!! Whole blood Red blood cells Platelets Plasma Cryoprecipitate

Refrigerated Refrigerated Room temperature with constant agitation to prevent clumping Frozen Frozen

RED CELLS WHOLE BLOOD:- not a component – Used now only in ________>_____% of TBV

acute blood loss

RED CELLS ________ _______ red cell ________red cells __________ red cell ____________________red cells

Whole blood Packed Irradiated Leukocyte depleted Frozen deglycerolised

Indications for whole blood?

Acute blood loss >25% of TBV

Indications for packed red blood cell?

Chronic Anaemia

Indications for Irradiated red cells? Prevent ______ for severely ___________ __________ _________,_________ transfusion

GVHD; immunosuppred transplant neonate, intrauterine

Indications for Leucocyte depleted red cells To Reduce ______________ _______ reaction Does not _________

alloimmunisati on. Febrile prevent GVHD

Leukocyte depleted rbc can prevent GVHD T/F

F Can not prevent GVHD

Indications for Washed red cell _____ deficiency Severe reaction to _________________

IgA plasma protein unresponsive to medication

Indications for frozen red cell

For rare blood groups

Preparation for whole blood 450mls of ____ in 63ml of __________

Blood anticoagulant

Preparation for packed red cell _________, express _________\2 00ml of RBC

Spin whole blood supernatant

Preparation for irradiated red cell ________ radiated to kill ________

Gamma lymphocytes

Preparation for leukocyte depleted red cell ______% of WBC is _________

99.9 filtered

Preparation for frozen red cell ___________ and frozen at -65 0

Glycerolized

Packed Red Blood Cell (PRBC) Administration: Transfuse within ______ of removal from fridge Must be ______ and _____ compatible Complete within ________. Max ______ Monitor vital signs at _______, then every ________, then _______

30 mins ABO and RH 2hours; 4hours Initiation ; 15mins, 30mins

NEVER ADD MEDICATION TO BLOOD TRANSFUSION T/F

PLATELETS CONCENTRATES Platelet units can be either •_________ units •________ units

Random donor Apheresis

PLATELETS CONCENTRATES 1 random donor unit contains ____ x109 platelet in 50-60mls of plasma 1 apheresis unit contains >_____ x109 in 250mls of plasma

55 300

PLATELETS CONCENTRATES Stored at 20-240C. Constantly _____ Only last for _____ Infused in ______

agitated 5 days 30 mins

PLATELET CONCENTRATES Dose:____ unit of platelet concentrate/____kg body weight

1; 10

Platelet concentrates Administration: Platelets should be transfused at a rate of _______ per minute for approximately ________ ______ and _____ compatible

10 milliliters 30 minutes ABO & Rh

PLATELET CONCENTRATES increment/unit-inabsenceof consumption: – For single unit should ↑ platelet count by _____ x 109/L. For pooled units or apheresis unit should ↑ platelet count by ______ x109/L. In neonates , 5-10ml/Kg of platelet unit should ↑ platelet count by ______ x109/L.

5-10 25-50 50- 100

FRESH FROZEN PLASMA Contains: –____________________ factors -_______ and ________. -Factor _____ level at least ____ % of normal fresh plasma level

labile & nonlabile clotting albumin and immunoglobulin VIII ( 8 ); 70

FRESH FROZEN PLASMA Indications Replacement of multiple coagulation factor deficiencies eg –_______ disease –_________ overdose

Liver Anticoagulant

FRESH FROZEN PLASMA Indications __________ of ___________ deficiencies _________ of _______in pts

Replacement of multiple coagulation factor Depletion of coagulation factors

FRESH FROZEN PLASMA Indications Depletion of coagulation factors in pts –receiving _______________ -_______________

large volume transfusions DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation)

FRESH FROZEN PLASMA: Production Plasma collected from __________ or ________ Frozen within ______ of collection

single donor units or by apheresis 8 hours

FRESH FROZEN PLASMA Administration Must be _____ compatible Infuse as soon as possible after thawing ( within ______ ) -thaw at _____0 C - using standard blood administration set

ABO 6 hrs; 37

FRESH FROZEN PLASMA Precaution: •_________ reaction are common •_________ reaction may occur •_________ is alone not an indication for use

Acute allergic anaphylactic hypovolaemia

CRYOPRECIPITATE From _______________ (up to _____) Thaw FFP at ____c that was frozen at ____c or lower

fresh frozen plasma one year 1-6 -18

CRYOPRECIPITATE Indication _________ deficiency ____________ disease __________emia __________ deficiency _________ bleeding

Factor VIII von Willebrand’s Hypofibrinogen Factor XIII Uremic

CRYOPRECIPITATE: characteristics (Cold or warm?) -(soluble or insoluble?) precipitate Contains : ______,_____,_____,_______,______ 80 u of factor viii/unit and >150 mg/dl fibrinogen

Cold ; insoluble Factor VIII, XIII, Fibrinogen, Fibronectin, VWF

Time Limits for Infusion Blood/blood product : start infusion; complete infusion Whole blood/red cells Platelet concentrates FFP

within 30 min. of removing pack from refrigerator; within 4 hour (less in high ambient temperature) immediately; within 20minutes within 30 min; within 20 min

A 10 year old boy with severe type 3 von Willebrand disease presents to the A& E with severe haemathrosis, which blood component may be useful for him?

Cryoprecipitate

The appropriate product for a patient with aplastic anemia with Hb of 5.5gm/dl who has just received a bone marrow transplant is _______?

Irradiated rbc

A 35yr old sickle cell patient presents with Hb of 5gm, presents in cardiac failure. He also has a hx of febrile reactions which blood component is best for this patient.

Leukocyte depleted rbc

A 22yr old with acute leukaemia, has a platelet count of 8 x 109/L and Hb of 11g/dl . Does he need any blood component? If yes, which ones.

Only platelet concentrate

A 20 year old with septic abortion presented in the gynae emergency, she is bleeding through all orifices. Hb is 5.5g/dl Platelet count is 20 X 109/L PT, PTTK and TT is prolonged What is the diagnosis? Will she benefit from blood component therapy? Which ones and why?

DIC Yes Packed rbc; platelet concentrates ; FFP; cryoprecipitate

Advantages of blood donation to the donor

Challenges the bone marrow Could Help in early detection of hematological abnormalities in the donor Sense of fulfillment Helps to reduce the iron levels of the donor

Measures you would would take to ensure that blood donation is safe for the donor

Proper identification and screening of the donor’s blood Use sterile equipments Use disposable equipment Check vitals before and throughout the procedure Education and informed consent of the donor