Blood transfusion- reactions Flashcards
Patient has fever + chills 10 mins after transfusion
-what is it and how do you manage?
Non haemolytic febrile reaction
Management:
-slow or stop transfusion (dums pp says its chill to continue it)
-give paracetamol
-observe
(pretty common reaction to have)
pruritis + urticaria after transfusion
-what is it and how do you manage?
Minor allergic reaction
-temporarily stop transfusion
-monitor
-ANTIHISTAMINE
patient has hypotension, dyspnoea, wheezing and angioedema after transfusion
-what is it and how do you manage?
Anaphylaxis
-STOP transfusion
-IM adrenaline
-ABC support (oxygen + fluids)
patient has fever, abdo pain + hypotension after transfusion
What is it and how do you manage?
Acute haemolytic reaction
-stop transfusion
-confirm diagnosis (check identity of patient/name on blood product and send the blood for direct coombs test + cross matching)
-fluid resus (supportive care)
what causes an acute haemolytic transfusion reaction
ABO incompatibility of blood
(human error)
Patient has pulmonary oedema + HYPERtension after transfusion reaction
-what is it and how is it managed?
Transfusion associated circulatory overload (TACO)
-slow or stop transfusion
-consider IV loop diuretics (e.g. furesomide)
-oxygen
what causes a transfusion associated circulatory overload (TACO)?
-excessive rate of transfusion + pre existing heart failure
basically too much fluid getting pumped in for the body to handle
(patient presents with pulmonary oedema + hypertension)
patient has a transfusion and presents with hypoxia, pulmonary infiltrates on CXR, fever + HYPOtension
-what have they got and how is it managed
Transsfusion related lung injury (TRALI)
-stop the transfusion
-oxygen + supportive care
(Non cardiogenic pulmonary oedema secondary to increased vascular permeability caused by host neutrophils that become activated by substances in blood)
Patient presents with mild jaundice 5-10 days post transfusion
-what have they got?
Delayed haemolytic transfusion reaction
what antibody causes a delayed haemolytic transfusion reaction?
IgG