Blood transfusion- reactions Flashcards

1
Q

Patient has fever + chills 10 mins after transfusion
-what is it and how do you manage?

A

Non haemolytic febrile reaction

Management:
-slow or stop transfusion (dums pp says its chill to continue it)
-give paracetamol
-observe

(pretty common reaction to have)

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2
Q

pruritis + urticaria after transfusion
-what is it and how do you manage?

A

Minor allergic reaction

-temporarily stop transfusion
-monitor
-ANTIHISTAMINE

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3
Q

patient has hypotension, dyspnoea, wheezing and angioedema after transfusion
-what is it and how do you manage?

A

Anaphylaxis

-STOP transfusion
-IM adrenaline
-ABC support (oxygen + fluids)

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4
Q

patient has fever, abdo pain + hypotension after transfusion

What is it and how do you manage?

A

Acute haemolytic reaction

-stop transfusion
-confirm diagnosis (check identity of patient/name on blood product and send the blood for direct coombs test + cross matching)
-fluid resus (supportive care)

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5
Q

what causes an acute haemolytic transfusion reaction

A

ABO incompatibility of blood
(human error)

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6
Q

Patient has pulmonary oedema + HYPERtension after transfusion reaction
-what is it and how is it managed?

A

Transfusion associated circulatory overload (TACO)

-slow or stop transfusion
-consider IV loop diuretics (e.g. furesomide)
-oxygen

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7
Q

what causes a transfusion associated circulatory overload (TACO)?

A

-excessive rate of transfusion + pre existing heart failure

basically too much fluid getting pumped in for the body to handle

(patient presents with pulmonary oedema + hypertension)

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8
Q

patient has a transfusion and presents with hypoxia, pulmonary infiltrates on CXR, fever + HYPOtension

-what have they got and how is it managed

A

Transsfusion related lung injury (TRALI)

-stop the transfusion
-oxygen + supportive care

(Non cardiogenic pulmonary oedema secondary to increased vascular permeability caused by host neutrophils that become activated by substances in blood)

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9
Q

Patient presents with mild jaundice 5-10 days post transfusion
-what have they got?

A

Delayed haemolytic transfusion reaction

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10
Q

what antibody causes a delayed haemolytic transfusion reaction?

A

IgG

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