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Haematology > Blood tranfusion > Flashcards

Blood tranfusion Flashcards

1
Q

What is non-haemolytic febrile reaction?

A

Presents with fever and chills

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2
Q

What is the management for non-haemolytic febrile reaction?

A

Slow or stop the transfusion
Give paracetamol
Monitor

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3
Q

What causes an acute haemolytic reaction?

A

ABO - incompatible blood secondary to human error

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4
Q

How do you treat an acute haemolytic reaction?

A
  • Stop the transfusion
  • Check the patient ID/name on blood product
  • Second blood for direct Coombs testing, repeat typing and cross matching
  • Fluid rescuscitation
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5
Q

How does acute haemolytic reaction present?

A
  • Fever
  • Abdominal pain
  • Chills
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6
Q

How do you manage pruritis and urticaria with blood transfusion?

A

They are having a minor allergic reaction.

  1. Temporarily stop the transfusion
  2. Give an antihistamine
  3. Monitor
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7
Q

How do you manage anaphylaxis?

A
  1. Stop transfusion
  2. IM adrenaline
  3. ABC support
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8
Q

What is TACO?

A

Transfusion associated circulatory overload

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9
Q

What causes TACO?

A
  • Excessive rate of transfusion

- Pre-existing heart failure

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10
Q

How does TACO present?

A

Pulmonary oedema

Hypotension

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11
Q

How do you manage TACO?-

A
  1. Slow or stop transfusion

2. Consider IV loop diuretic and oxygen

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12
Q

What causes transfusion related acute lung injury (TRALI)?

A

Pulmonary oedema secondary to increased vascular permeability caused by host neutrophils that become activated by substances in donated blood.

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13
Q

How does TRALI present?

A 
Hypoxia
Pulmonary infiltrates on CXR
Fever
Hypotension
Within 6 hours of transfusion
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14
Q

How do you manage TRALI?

A
  1. Stop the transfusion

2. Oxygen and supportive care

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15
Q

What is the Hb threshold for tranfusion in ACS?

A

80g/L

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16
Q

What is the Hb tranfusion threshold in an otherwise well patient?

A

70g/L

17
Q

How long do you give a unit of RBC over?

A

90-120 minutes

18
Q

What is the platelet transfusion threshold when a patient has clinically significant bleeding eg haematemesis, melaena, epistaxis?

A

<30 x 10^9

19
Q

What is the platelet transfusion threshold when a patient has severe bleeding, or bleeding at critical sites eg CNS?

A

<100 x 10^9

20
Q

What is a significant risk with platelet transfusions?

A

Bacterial infections as they are stored at room temperature

21
Q

If there is no bleeding, what is the threshold level for a platelet tranfusion?

A

<10 x 10^9

22
Q

What are desired platelet levels before surgery/invasive procedure?

A

> 50 for most patients
50-75 if high risk of bleeding
100 if surgery is at a critical site

Haematology (9 decks)

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